微服务理论入门和手把手带你进行微服务环境搭建及支付、订单业务编写

转x33g5p2x  于2022-01-04 转载在 其他  
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1、微服务架构概述

1. 微服务介绍

  • 微服务架构是一种架构模式，他提倡将单一应用划分为一组小的服务，服务之间互相协调、互相配合，为用户提供最终价值。每个服务运行在其独立的进程中，服务与服务之间采用轻量级的通信机制互相协作（通常是基于HTTP协议的RESTful API）。每个服务都围绕着其本业务进行构建，并且能够被独立的部署到生产环境、类生产环境等。另外，应当尽量避免统一的、集中式的服务管理机制，对具体的一个服务而言，应根据业务上下文，选择合适的语言、工具对其进行构建。

2. 技术说明

3. SpringCloud介绍

  • SpringBoot开发的一个个功能模块只能属于一个个微服务。它只是一小部分。SpringCloud是由微服务以及一些技术栈组成的。

4. SpringCloud主要的技术栈

5. SpringBoot与SpringCloud之间的版本依赖

SpringBootSpringCloud
2.6.x2021.0.x aka Jubilee
2.4.x, 2.5.x (Starting with 2020.0.3)2020.0.x aka Ilford
2.2.x, 2.3.x (Starting with SR5)Hoxton
2.1.xGreenwich
2.0.xFinchley
1.5.xEdgware
1.5.xDalston

6. 本博主SpringCloud的技术选型

技术名称版本
SpringCloudHoxton.SR1
SpringBoot2.2.2 RELEASE
SpringCloud2.1.0RELEASE
Java8
Maven3.5及以上
MySQL5.7及以上

2、IDEA搭建工作空间

2.1、创建一个Project

1. 字符编码配置

2. 注解生效码激活

3. Java版本选择

4. 文件过滤

2.2、父工程Pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.xiao</groupId>
  <artifactId>cloud02</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>

  <!-- 统一管理jar包版本 -->
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
    <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
    <lombok.version>1.18.20</lombok.version>
    <mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
    <druid.version>1.1.17</druid.version>
    <mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.2</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
  </properties>

  <!-- 子模块继承之后，提供作用：锁定版本+子modlue不用写groupId和version -->
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>${mysql.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>${druid.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>${junit.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>${log4j.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>${lombok.version}</version>
        <optional>true</optional>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <fork>true</fork>
          <addResources>true</addResources>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

</project>

2.3、Maven工程内容说明

1. Maven中的dependencyManagement和dependencies

  • 如果多个子项目都引入同一样依赖，则可以避免在每个子项目中都引入相关依赖；如果需要对依赖的版本进行修改和升级，只需要在父容器中进行更新，而不需要在一个个子项目中进行修改。
  • dependencyManagement里面只是声明依赖，并不实现引入，因此子项目需要声明相关的依赖。
  • 如果子项目中指定了版本号，那么会使用子项目中指定的版本号。

2. Maven中跳过单元测试

3、Rest微服务工程构建

3.1、建Module

3.2、改Pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud02</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.xiao</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-jdbc -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

3.3、改YML

server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-payment-service
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2019?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: 123456

mybatis:
  mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities

3.4、写主启动类

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class,args);
    }
}

包结构说明

  • 一定要将主启动类放置在一个包下。

3.5、支付模块业务类

3.5.1、建表

CREATE DATABASE db2019;

USE db2019;

CREATE TABLE `payment`(
	`id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'ID',
	`serial` VARCHAR(200) DEFAULT '',
	PRIMARY KEY (id)
)ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

INSERT INTO payment VALUES(1,'aaaa01');

3.5.2、实体类

1. Payment

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@ToString
public class Payment implements Serializable {
    private Long id;
    private String serial;
}

2. CommonResult

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
    private Integer code;
    private String message;
    private T data;

    public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){
        this(code,message,null);
    }
}
  • 用于json封装实体类

3.5.3、编写dao层

1. PaymentDao

import com.xiao.cloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

@Mapper
public interface PaymentDao {

    public int create(Payment payment);

    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}

2. PaymentMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.xiao.cloud.dao.PaymentDao">

    <insert id="create" parameterType="com.xiao.cloud.entities.Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
        insert into db2019.payment(serial) value (#{serial});
    </insert>

    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.xiao.cloud.entities.Payment">
        <!-- column表示的是数据库字段 property表示的是java实体类中字段 -->
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
        select * from payment where id = #{id};
    </select>
</mapper>

3.5.4、编写service层

1. PaymentService

import com.xiao.cloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

public interface PaymentService {

    public int create(Payment payment);

    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}

2. PaymentServiceImpl

import com.xiao.cloud.dao.PaymentDao;
import com.xiao.cloud.entities.Payment;
import com.xiao.cloud.service.PaymentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {

    @Autowired
    private PaymentDao paymentDao;

    @Override
    public int create(Payment payment) {
        return paymentDao.create(payment);
    }

    @Override
    public Payment getPaymentById(Long id) {
        return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
    }
}

3.5.5、编写controller层

import com.xiao.cloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.xiao.cloud.entities.Payment;
import com.xiao.cloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {

    @Autowired
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @PostMapping("/payment/create")
    public CommonResult create(Payment payment){
        int result = paymentService.create(payment);
        log.info("*****插入结果为：" + result);
        if(result > 0){
            return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据库成功",result);
        }else {
            return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库失败",null);
        }
    }

    @GetMapping("/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
        log.info("*****查询结果为：" + payment);
        if(payment != null){
            return new CommonResult(200,"查询数据库成功",payment);
        }else {
            return new CommonResult(444,"查询数据库失败，没有对应记录，id为：" + id,null);
        }
    }
}

3.6、最后的包结构图示

3.7、结果测试

1. 查询测试

2. 插入测试

3.8、小结

1. 工程编写步骤

  1. 建Module
  2. 改Pom
  3. 改YML
  4. 主启动
  5. 业务类

4、部署Devtools

1、在子项目Pom文件中添加依赖

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

2、在父项目Pom文件中添加插件

<build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <fork>true</fork>
          <addResources>true</addResources>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

3、开启配置

4、更新相应的值

Ctrl + Alt + Shift + /

5、重启IDEA

5、订单模块的编写

5.1、建Module

5.2、改Pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud02</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.xiao</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-order80</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

5.3、改YML

server:
  port: 80

5.4、主启动

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderMain80 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class,args);
    }
}

5.5、业务类

5.5.1、实体类

1. Payment

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@ToString
public class Payment implements Serializable {
    private Long id;
    private String serial;
}

2. CommonResult

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
    private Integer code;
    private String message;
    private T data;

    public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){
        this(code,message,null);
    }
}
  • 用于json封装实体类

5.5.2、配置类

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}
  • 因为两个模块的服务的调用需要使用到RestTemplate，所以我们需要进行配置。

5.5.3、编写controller层

import com.xiao.cloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.xiao.cloud.entities.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {

    public static final String URL = "http://localhost:8001";

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
    public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment){
        return restTemplate.postForObject(URL + "/payment/create",payment,CommonResult.class);
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(URL + "/payment/get/" + id,CommonResult.class);
    }
}

5.6、包结构

5.7、测试结果

1. 查询操作

2. 插入操作

  • 不要忘记在第一个模块的相应的参数上加上@RequestBody。不然会导致插入的参数为NULL。

6、工程重构

6.1、应付的问题

  • 可以发现两个模块中有重复的部分，而工程重构就是解决这种问题的，防止内容冗余。

6.2、重构步骤

1. 建Module

2. 改Pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud02</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.xiao</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/cn.hutool/hutool-all -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

3. 将重复的部分放置该模块中，记得包名一定要相同

4. 对新建的模块进行 maven命令clean install

5. 删除对应模块的重复部分，然后修改对应的Pom文件

添加的内容：

<dependency>
            <groupId>com.xiao</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

6. 测试结果

版权说明 : 本文为转载文章, 版权归原作者所有 版权申明

原文链接 : https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_56727438/article/details/122162255

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