SpringMVC笔记(5):HttpMessageConverter/文件上传下载

x33g5p2x  于2022-02-07 转载在 Spring  
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1、HttpMessageConverter

1、ResponseBody

2、RequestEntity

3、@ResponseBody

4、SpringMVC处理json

5、SpringMVC处理ajax

6、@RestController注解

7、ResponseEntity

2、文件上传和下载

1、文件下载

2、文件上传

1、HttpMessageConverter

  • HttpMessageConverter:报文信息转换器,将请求报文转换为Java对象,或将Java对象转换为响应报文
  • HttpMessageConverter提供了两个注解和两个类型:@RequestBody,@ResponseBody,RequestEntity,ResponseEntity

1、ResponseBody

@RequestBody可以获取请求体,需要在控制器方法设置一个形参,使用@RequestBody进行标识,当前请求的请求体就会为当前注解所标识的形参赋值。

<form th:action="@{/testRequestBody}" method="post">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
    密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
@RequestMapping("/testRequestBody")
public String testRequestBody(@RequestBody String requestBody){
    System.out.println("requestBody:"+requestBody);
    return "success";
}

输出结果:

requestBody:username=admin&password=123456

2、RequestEntity

RequestEntity封装请求报文的一种类型,表示整个请求报文的信息,需要在控制器方法的形参中设置该类型的形参,当前请求的请求报文就会赋值给该形参,可以通过getHeaders()获取请求头信息,通过getBody()获取请求体信息。

<form th:action="@{/testRequestEntity}" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username">
    <input type="text" name="password">
    <input type="submit" value="测试testRequestEntity">
</form>
@RequestMapping(value="/testRequestEntity")
    public String testRequestEntity(RequestEntity<String> requestEntity){
        System.out.println("headers:" + requestEntity.getHeaders());
        //headers:[host:"localhost:8080", connection:"keep-alive", content-length:"23", cache-control:"max-age=0", sec-ch-ua:"" Not;A Brand";v="99", "Google Chrome";v="97", "Chromium";v="97"", sec-ch-ua-mobile:"?0", sec-ch-ua-platform:""macOS"", upgrade-insecure-requests:"1", origin:"http://localhost:8080", user-agent:"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.99 Safari/537.36", accept:"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9", sec-fetch-site:"same-origin", sec-fetch-mode:"navigate", sec-fetch-user:"?1", sec-fetch-dest:"document", referer:"http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC_war_exploded/", accept-encoding:"gzip, deflate, br", accept-language:"zh-CN,zh;q=0.9", Content-Type:"application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8"]
        System.out.println("body:" + requestEntity.getBody());
        //body:username=11&password=22
        System.out.println("method:" + requestEntity.getMethod());
        //method:POST
        System.out.println("url:" + requestEntity.getUrl());
        //url:http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC_war_exploded/testRequestEntity
        System.out.println("type:" + requestEntity.getType());
        //type:class java.lang.String
        return "success";
    }

3、@ResponseBody

@ResponseBody用于标识一个控制器方法,可以将该方法的返回值直接作为响应报文的响应体响应到浏览器

  • 返回值作为视图名称,跳转视图页面
  • 返回值作为字符串返回给浏览器
@RequestMapping(value="/testResponse")
    public void testResponse(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        response.getWriter().print("success");
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/testResponseBody")
    @ResponseBody
    public String testResponseBody(HttpServletResponse response){
        return "success";
    }

结果:

浏览器页面显示 success

4、SpringMVC处理json

  • 实体类对象转化为json:为json对象。
  • list转化为json:为json数组。
  • map集合转化为json:json对象。
//实体类对象转化为json:为json对象
    @RequestMapping("/testResponseUser")
    @ResponseBody
    public User testResponseUser(){
        return new User(1001,"admin","123456",23,"男");
        //{"id":1001,"username":"admin","password":"123456","age":23,"gender":"男"}
    }

    //list转化为json:为json数组
    @RequestMapping("/testResponseList")
    @ResponseBody
    public List<User> testResponseList(){
        List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new User(1001,"admin","123456",23,"男"));
        list.add(new User(1002,"admin2","1234562",23,"女"));
        return list;
        /**
         *  [  {"id":1001,"username":"admin","password":"123456","age":23,"gender":"男"},
         *     {"id":1002,"username":"admin2","password":"1234562","age":23,"gender":"女"}
         *  ]
         */
    }

    //map集合转化为json:json对象
    @RequestMapping("/testResponseMap")
    @ResponseBody
    public Map<Integer,User> testResponseMap(){
        Map<Integer,User> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put(1,new User(1001,"admin","123456",23,"男"));
        map.put(2,new User(1002,"admin2","1234562",23,"女"));
        return map;
        /**
         * {  "1":{"id":1001,"username":"admin","password":"123456","age":23,"gender":"男"},
         *    "2":{"id":1002,"username":"admin2","password":"1234562","age":23,"gender":"女"}
         * }
         */
    }

@ResponseBody处理json的步骤:

  • 导入jackson的依赖
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    <version>2.12.1</version>
</dependency>
  • 在SpringMVC的核心配置文件中开启mvc的注解驱动,此时**在HandlerAdaptor中会自动装配一个消息转换器:MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter:**可以将响应到浏览器的Java对象转换为Json格式的字符串
<mvc:annotation-driven />
  • 在处理器方法上使用@ResponseBody注解进行标识
  • 将Java对象直接作为控制器方法的返回值返回,就会自动转换为Json格式的字符串
@RequestMapping("/testResponseUser")
@ResponseBody
public User testResponseUser(){
    return new User(1001,"admin","123456",23,"男");
}

浏览器的页面中展示的结果:

{“id”:1001,“username”:“admin”,“password”:“123456”,“age”:23,“sex”:“男”}

5、SpringMVC处理ajax

  • 请求超链接:
<div id="app">
    <a th:href="@{/testAjax}" @click="testAjax">testAjax</a><br>
</div>
  • 通过vue和axios处理点击事件:
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/vue.js}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/axios.min.js}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    var vue = new Vue({
        el:"#app",
        methods:{
            testAjax:function (event) {
                axios({
                    method:"post",
                    url:event.target.href,
                    params:{
                        username:"admin",
                        password:"123456"
                    }
                }).then(function (response) {
                    alert(response.data);
                });
                event.preventDefault();
            }
        }
    });
</script>
  • 控制器方法:
@RequestMapping("/testAjax")
@ResponseBody
public String testAjax(String username, String password){
    System.out.println("username:"+username+",password:"+password);
    return "hello,ajax";
}

6、@RestController注解

  • @RestController注解是springMVC提供的一个复合注解,标识在控制器的类上。
  • 相当于为类添加了@Controller注解,并且为其中的每个方法添加了@ResponseBody注解。

7、ResponseEntity

  • ResponseEntity用于控制器方法的返回值类型,该控制器方法的返回值就是响应到浏览器的响应报文。

2、文件上传和下载

1、文件下载

使用ResponseEntity实现下载文件的功能

@RequestMapping("/testDown")
public ResponseEntity<byte[]> testResponseEntity(HttpSession session) throws IOException {
    //获取ServletContext对象
    ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
    //获取服务器中文件的真实路径
    String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/static/img/1.jpg");
    //创建输入流
    InputStream is = new FileInputStream(realPath);
    //创建字节数组
    byte[] bytes = new byte[is.available()];
    //将流读到字节数组中
    is.read(bytes);
    //创建HttpHeaders对象设置响应头信息
    MultiValueMap<String, String> headers = new HttpHeaders();
    //设置要下载方式以及下载文件的名字
    headers.add("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=1.jpg");
    //设置响应状态码
    HttpStatus statusCode = HttpStatus.OK;
    //创建ResponseEntity对象
    ResponseEntity<byte[]> responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<>(bytes, headers, statusCode);
    //关闭输入流
    is.close();
    return responseEntity;
}

2、文件上传

文件上传要求form表单的请求方式必须为post,并且添加属性enctype=“multipart/form-data”

SpringMVC中将上传的文件封装到MultipartFile对象中,通过此对象可以获取文件相关信息

上传步骤:

  • 添加依赖:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
  • 在SpringMVC的配置文件中添加配置:
<!--必须通过文件解析器的解析才能将文件转换为MultipartFile对象-->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"></bean>
  • 控制器方法:
@RequestMapping("/testUp")
public String testUp(MultipartFile photo, HttpSession session) throws IOException {
    //获取上传的文件的文件名
    String fileName = photo.getOriginalFilename();
    //处理文件重名问题
    String hzName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
    fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + hzName;
    //获取服务器中photo目录的路径
    ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
    String photoPath = servletContext.getRealPath("photo");
    File file = new File(photoPath);
    if(!file.exists()){
        file.mkdir();
    }
    String finalPath = photoPath + File.separator + fileName;
    //实现上传功能
    photo.transferTo(new File(finalPath));
    return "success";
}

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