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SpringCloud
并不是只有一个项目,而是很多项目构成的生态体系总称,如
但这些项目都依赖一个基础项目 spring-cloud-commons,
spring-cloud-commons
主要有 3 个模块
spring-cloud-context
:构建一个 Bootstrap 容器,并让其成为原有的 SpringBoot 程序构建的容器的父容器,所以使用 SpringCloud 的方式与 SpringBoot 是差不多的spring-cloud-commons
:对微服务中的服务注册与发现、负载均衡、熔断器等功能提供一个抽象层代码,这个抽象层与具体的实现无关,这些功能可以采用不同的技术去实现spring-cloud-loadbalancer
:一个客户端负载均衡器,类似于 Ribbon,用于替换 Ribbon(Ribbon 已经进入维护模式)组件的加载仍然是通过 Spring Factories 扩展加载机制加载的,定在 spring.factories
# 属性自动装配
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.cloud.autoconfigure.ConfigurationPropertiesRebinderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.autoconfigure.LifecycleMvcEndpointAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.autoconfigure.RefreshAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.autoconfigure.RefreshEndpointAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.autoconfigure.WritableEnvironmentEndpointAutoConfiguration
# 应用监听器
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.cloud.bootstrap.BootstrapApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.cloud.bootstrap.LoggingSystemShutdownListener,\
org.springframework.cloud.context.restart.RestartListener
# Spring Cloud 初始化组件
org.springframework.cloud.bootstrap.BootstrapConfiguration=\
org.springframework.cloud.bootstrap.config.PropertySourceBootstrapConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.bootstrap.encrypt.EncryptionBootstrapConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.autoconfigure.ConfigurationPropertiesRebinderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration
# Spring Boot 初始化注册
org.springframework.boot.BootstrapRegistryInitializer=\
org.springframework.cloud.bootstrap.RefreshBootstrapRegistryInitializer,\
org.springframework.cloud.bootstrap.TextEncryptorConfigBootstrapper
# 环境后置处理
org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor=\
org.springframework.cloud.bootstrap.encrypt.DecryptEnvironmentPostProcessor,\
org.springframework.cloud.util.random.CachedRandomPropertySourceEnvironmentPostProcessor
ConfigurationPropertiesRebinderAutoConfigurationConfigurationPropertiesRebinder
的自动配置装配
LifecycleMvcEndpointAutoConfiguration
一些 MVC 终端组件的自动配置装配
RefreshAutoConfiguration
自动装配 spring.cloud.refresh
配置
RefreshEndpointAutoConfiguration
一些可刷新上下文数据终端组件的自动配置装配
WritableEnvironmentEndpointAutoConfigurationWritableEnvironmentEndpoint
的自动配置装配
BootstrapApplicationListener
Cloud 应用初始化
RestartListener
应用重新启动的信息记录
PropertySourceBootstrapConfiguration
Cloud 应用初始化时的配置属性处理
EncryptionBootstrapConfiguration
对加密传输的初始化配置
RefreshBootstrapRegistryInitializer
向应用上下文对象 ApplicationContext
添加 BootstrapContext
Cloud 初始化上下文对象
TextEncryptorConfigBootstrapper
文本加密配置初始化
DecryptEnvironmentPostProcessor
传输中加密信息的解密处理
CachedRandomPropertySourceEnvironmentPostProcessor
对配置中随机值属性源 random.xxx
的支持
下面主要解析一下 BootstrapApplicationListener
与 PropertySourceBootstrapConfiguration
BootstrapApplicationListener
的主要功能是扩展配置文件的加载位置、添加 spring.factories
的加载组件
public class BootstrapApplicationListener implements ApplicationListener<ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent>, Ordered {
@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent event) {
// ... 代码省略
// 初始化上下文环境
context = bootstrapServiceContext(environment, event.getSpringApplication(), configName);
// ... 代码省略
}
// 初始化上下文环境
private ConfigurableApplicationContext bootstrapServiceContext(ConfigurableEnvironment environment,
final SpringApplication application, String configName) {
// ... 代码省略
String configLocation = environment.resolvePlaceholders("${spring.cloud.bootstrap.location:}");
String configAdditionalLocation = environment
.resolvePlaceholders("${spring.cloud.bootstrap.additional-location:}");
Map<String, Object> bootstrapMap = new HashMap<>();
// 扩展 spring.cloud.bootstrap.location 配置到 spring.config.location 中
if (StringUtils.hasText(configLocation)) {
bootstrapMap.put("spring.config.location", configLocation);
}
// 扩展 spring.cloud.bootstrap.additional-location 配置到 spring.config.additional-location 中
if (StringUtils.hasText(configAdditionalLocation)) {
bootstrapMap.put("spring.config.additional-location", configAdditionalLocation);
}
// ... 代码省略
// 通过 BootstrapImportSelector 添加 `spring.factories` 的加载组件 `org.springframework.cloud.bootstrap.BootstrapConfiguration`
builder.sources(BootstrapImportSelectorConfiguration.class);
}
}
public class BootstrapImportSelector implements EnvironmentAware, DeferredImportSelector {
@Override
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
// ... 代码省略
// 通过 SpringFactoriesLoader 加载 `org.springframework.cloud.bootstrap.BootstrapConfiguration` 指定的组件
List<String> names = new ArrayList<>(
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(BootstrapConfiguration.class, classLoader));
// 配置中的 spring.cloud.bootstrap.sources 也当做 BootstrapConfiguration 组件加载
names.addAll(Arrays.asList(StringUtils
.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(this.environment.getProperty("spring.cloud.bootstrap.sources", ""))));
// ... 代码省略
}
}
PropertySourceBootstrapConfiguration
的主要功能是针对 SpringCloud 的日志、Profile、配置处理
public class PropertySourceBootstrapConfiguration
implements ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>, Ordered {
@Override
public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) {
// ... 代码省略
MutablePropertySources propertySources = environment.getPropertySources();
// ... 代码省略
// 加载自定义的配置加载处理,spring-cloud-config 的分布式配置功能就有赖于此
insertPropertySources(propertySources, composite);
// 处理 logging.config 指定的日志配置
String logConfig = environment.resolvePlaceholders("${logging.config:}");
LogFile logFile = LogFile.get(environment);
reinitializeLoggingSystem(environment, logConfig, logFile);
// 设置日志记录等级
setLogLevels(applicationContext, environment);
// 处理 spring.profiles.active 激活的环境
handleIncludedProfiles(environment);
}
}
这个注解是 spring-cloud-context
主要的注解,用于初始化 Spring Cloud 组件
// 通过前面介绍的 `BootstrapImportSelector` 来实现自动加载在 `spring.factories` 中使用
// `org.springframework.cloud.bootstrap.BootstrapConfiguration` 配置的类
public @interface BootstrapConfiguration {}
组件的加载仍然是通过 Spring Factories 扩展加载机制加载的,定在 spring.factories
# 属性自动装配
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.cloud.client.CommonsClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.client.ReactiveCommonsClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.composite.CompositeDiscoveryClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.composite.reactive.ReactiveCompositeDiscoveryClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.simple.SimpleDiscoveryClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.simple.reactive.SimpleReactiveDiscoveryClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.client.hypermedia.CloudHypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.AsyncLoadBalancerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.reactive.LoadBalancerBeanPostProcessorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.reactive.ReactorLoadBalancerClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.client.serviceregistry.ServiceRegistryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.commons.httpclient.HttpClientConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.commons.util.UtilAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.configuration.CompatibilityVerifierAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.client.serviceregistry.AutoServiceRegistrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.commons.security.ResourceServerTokenRelayAutoConfiguration
# 环境后置处理
org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor=\
org.springframework.cloud.client.HostInfoEnvironmentPostProcessor
# 错误分析
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzer=\
org.springframework.cloud.configuration.CompatibilityNotMetFailureAnalyzer
CommonsClientAutoConfigurationDiscoveryClient
与 LoadBalancerClient
的自动配置装配
ReactiveCommonsClientAutoConfigurationReactiveDiscoveryClient
与 ReactiveLoadBalancer
的自动配置装配
CompositeDiscoveryClientAutoConfigurationCompositeDiscoveryClient
的自动配置装配
ReactiveCompositeDiscoveryClientAutoConfigurationReactiveCompositeDiscoveryClient
的自动配置装配
SimpleDiscoveryClientAutoConfigurationSimpleDiscoveryClient
的自动配置装配
SimpleReactiveDiscoveryClientAutoConfigurationSimpleReactiveDiscoveryClient
的自动配置装配
CloudHypermediaAutoConfigurationspring.cloud.hypermedia
的自动配置装配
AsyncLoadBalancerAutoConfiguration
异步负载均衡的自动配置装配
LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration
阻塞负载均衡的自动配置装配
LoadBalancerBeanPostProcessorAutoConfiguration
负载均衡后置处理的自动配置装配
ReactorLoadBalancerClientAutoConfiguration
Reactive 负载均衡的自动配置装配
ServiceRegistryAutoConfiguration
注册 ServiceRegistryEndpoint
HttpClientConfiguration
Http 客户端配置
UtilAutoConfigurationspring.cloud.util
的自动配置装配
CompatibilityVerifierAutoConfigurationspring.cloud.compatibility-verifier
的自动配置装配
AutoServiceRegistrationAutoConfigurationspring.cloud.service-registry.auto-registration
的自动配置装配
ResourceServerTokenRelayAutoConfigurationspring.cloud.mvc.token-relay
的自动配置装配
HostInfoEnvironmentPostProcessor
自动加上spring.cloud.client.hostname
与spring.cloud.client.ip-address
配置属性
CompatibilityNotMetFailureAnalyzer
Cloud 错误分析处理
这两个注解是 spring-cloud-commons
主要的注解,@EnableDiscoveryClient
用于添加服务发现客户端,@LoadBalanced
用于标志请求是负载均衡的
// 自动实例化 `EnableDiscoveryClientImportSelector`,并载入Spring IOC容器
// 实例化 `@EnableDiscoveryClient` 注解的类,但不做实际注册、发现处理
@Import(EnableDiscoveryClientImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableDiscoveryClient {}
// 没有任何处理,只是定义注解
public @interface LoadBalanced {}
@EnableDiscoveryClient
与 @LoadBalanced
都没有实质上的处理,只是定义好注解规范,留待其他组件实现
组件的加载仍然是通过 Spring Factories 扩展加载机制加载的,定在 spring.factories
# 属性自动装配
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.config.LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.config.BlockingLoadBalancerClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.config.LoadBalancerCacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.security.OAuth2LoadBalancerClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.config.LoadBalancerStatsAutoConfiguration
spring.cloud.loadbalancer
的自动配置装配spring.cloud.loadbalancer.cache
的自动配置装配spring.cloud.oauth2.load-balanced
的自动配置装配spring.cloud.loadbalancer.stats
的自动配置装配这里主要解析一下 LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration
LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration
的主要功能是完成 spring.cloud.loadbalancer
的自动配置装配,并实例化负载均衡组件
// 继承 `LoadBalancerClients` 的注解
@LoadBalancerClients
// 自动装配 `spring.cloud.loadbalancer` 配置
@EnableConfigurationProperties(LoadBalancerProperties.class)
// 使用 `spring.cloud.loadbalancer.enabled` 来启动此组件
@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.cloud.loadbalancer.enabled", havingValue = "true", matchIfMissing = true)
public class LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration {
// ... 代码省略
}
因为 LoadBalancerAutoConfiguration
继承了 LoadBalancerClients
的注解,所以来看看 LoadBalancerClients
// 自动实例化 `LoadBalancerClientConfigurationRegistrar`,并载入Spring IOC容器
@Import(LoadBalancerClientConfigurationRegistrar.class)
public @interface LoadBalancerClients {
// ... 代码省略
}
再来看看 LoadBalancerClientConfigurationRegistrar
public class LoadBalancerClientConfigurationRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
// 获取 @LoadBalancerClients 注解
Map<String, Object> attrs = metadata.getAnnotationAttributes(LoadBalancerClients.class.getName(), true);
if (attrs != null && attrs.containsKey("value")) {
// 获取注解中 value 指定的值,并注册bean组件定义
AnnotationAttributes[] clients = (AnnotationAttributes[]) attrs.get("value");
for (AnnotationAttributes client : clients) {
registerClientConfiguration(registry, getClientName(client), client.get("configuration"));
}
}
// ... 代码省略
// 获取 @LoadBalancerClient 注解
Map<String, Object> client = metadata.getAnnotationAttributes(LoadBalancerClient.class.getName(), true);
// 获取注解中 name/value 指定的值,并注册bean组件定义
String name = getClientName(client);
if (name != null) {
registerClientConfiguration(registry, name, client.get("configuration"));
}
}
}
这两个注解是 spring-cloud-loadbalancer
主要的注解,用于添加负载均衡客户端
// 自动实例化 `LoadBalancerClientConfigurationRegistrar`,并载入Spring IOC容器
// 自动处理标记有 `@LoadBalancerClients` & `@LoadBalancerClient` 注解的类
@Import(LoadBalancerClientConfigurationRegistrar.class)
public @interface LoadBalancerClients {
// ... 代码省略
}
// 自动实例化 `LoadBalancerClientConfigurationRegistrar`,并载入Spring IOC容器
// 自动处理标记有 `@LoadBalancerClients` & `@LoadBalancerClient` 注解的类
@Import(LoadBalancerClientConfigurationRegistrar.class)
public @interface LoadBalancerClient {
// ... 代码省略
}
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