但是在实际业务场景中，数据量迅速增长，一个库一个表已经满足不了我们的需求的时候，我们就会考虑分库分表的操作，在springboot中如何实现多数据源，动态数据源切换，读写分离等操作。 当你看到这篇文件那么你幸运了,下面直接提供终极通用版代码

如果是非Mybaitis的那么可以进行参照,原理都差不多

配置文件(YML)

spring:
  datasource:
    default-db-key: voidme
    multi-db:
      - voidme:
          driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
          username: root
          password: root
          url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.42.153:3306/voidme?characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false&maxReconnects=10&useSSL=false
      - xcdef:
          driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
          username: root
          password: root
          url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.42.153:3306/xcdef?characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false&maxReconnects=10&useSSL=false

mybatis:
  #1.classpath：只会到你的classes路径中查找找文件。
  #2.classpath*：不仅会到classes路径，还包括jar文件中(classes路径)进行查找。
  mapper-locations: classpath*:/mapper/**/*Mapper.xml    # mapper映射文件位置
  type-aliases-package: com.**.entity    # 实体类所在的位置
  configuration:
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl   #用于控制台打印sql语句
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true #开启将带有下划线的表字段 映射为驼峰格式的实体类属性

核心代码

DynamicDataSource

这个类用于获取数据源的(核心)

package com.dynamicdatadource.dynamic;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;

public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {

    @Value("${spring.datasource.default-db-key}")
    private String defaultDbKey;

    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
        String currentDb = DynamicDataSourceService.currentDb();
        if (currentDb == null) {
            return defaultDbKey;
        }
        return currentDb;
    }
}

DynamicDataSourceService

这个类是数据源切换工具,我们做了线程隔离了所以不用担心多线程数据源会混乱的问题

package com.dynamicdatadource.dynamic;

import com.application.ApplicationContextProvider;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class DynamicDataSourceService  {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DynamicDataSourceService.class);

    private static final Map<Object, Object> dataSources = new HashMap<>();
    private static final ThreadLocal<String> dbKeys = ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> null);

    /**
     * 动态添加一个数据源
     *
     * @param name       数据源的key
     * @param dataSource 数据源对象
     */
    public static void addDataSource(String name, DataSource dataSource) {
        DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = ApplicationContextProvider.getApplicationContext().getBean(DynamicDataSource.class);
        dataSources.put(name, dataSource);
        dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(dataSources);
        dynamicDataSource.afterPropertiesSet();
        log.info("添加了数据源:{}",name);
    }

    /**
     * @param name   数据源的key
     * @param driverClassName  驱动
     * @param url     数据库连接地址
     * @param username   数据库账户
     * @param password   数据库密码
     */
    public static void addDataSource(String name, String driverClassName,String url,String username,String password) {
        DataSourceBuilder<?> builder = DataSourceBuilder.create();
        builder.driverClassName(driverClassName);
        builder.username(username);
        builder.password(password);
        builder.url(url);
        addDataSource(name,builder.build());
        log.info("添加了数据源:{}",name);
    }
    /**
     * 切换数据源
     */
    public static void switchDb(String dbKey) {
        dbKeys.set(dbKey);
    }

    /**
     * 重置数据源(切换为默认的数据源)
     */
    public static void resetDb() {
        dbKeys.remove();
    }

    /**
     * 获取当前数据源的key
     */
    public static String currentDb() {
        return dbKeys.get();
    }
}

DynamicDataSourceConfig

将数据源配置到springboot中和初始化Mybaitis配置

package com.dynamicdatadource.dynamic;

import lombok.Data;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.Log;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mybatis")
@Data
public class DynamicDataSourceConfig {

    private String mapperLocations;
    private String typeAliasesPackage;
    @Data
    public class MybatisConfiguration{
        private String logImpl;
        private boolean mapUnderscoreToCamelCase;
    }
    private  MybatisConfiguration configuration=new MybatisConfiguration();

    /**
     * 动态数据源
     */
    @Bean
    public DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource() {
        DynamicDataSource dataSource = new DynamicDataSource();
        Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<>();
        dataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);
        return dataSource;
    }

    /**
     * 会话工厂Mybaitis
     */
    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration configuration = new org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration();
        configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(this.configuration.isMapUnderscoreToCamelCase()); //开启驼峰命名
        configuration.setLogImpl((Class<? extends Log>) Class.forName(this.configuration.getLogImpl())); //控制台打印sql日志
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dynamicDataSource());
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setConfiguration(configuration);
        PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources(mapperLocations));
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTypeAliasesPackage(typeAliasesPackage);
        return sqlSessionFactoryBean;
    }

    /**
     * 事务管理器
     */
    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dynamicDataSource());
    }
}

加载YML数据库配置类

package com.dynamicdatadource.config;

import com.dynamicdatadource.dynamic.DynamicDataSourceService;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

@Component
@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public class YmlDataSourceProvider  {

    private List<Map<String, DataSourceProperties>> multiDb;

    private DataSource buildDataSource(DataSourceProperties prop) {
        DataSourceBuilder<?> builder = DataSourceBuilder.create();
        builder.driverClassName(prop.getDriverClassName());
        builder.username(prop.getUsername());
        builder.password(prop.getPassword());
        builder.url(prop.getUrl());
        return builder.build();
    }

    public void initDataSource() {
        multiDb.forEach(map -> {
            Set<String> keys = map.keySet();
            keys.forEach(key -> {
                DataSourceProperties properties = map.get(key);
                DataSource dataSource = buildDataSource(properties);
                DynamicDataSourceService.addDataSource(key, dataSource);
            });
        });
    }

    //在构造函数之后执行
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        initDataSource();
    }

}

aop切换

package com.dynamicdatadource.aop;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})//作用:方法和类
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface DynamicDataSourceAnno {
    String key() default "";

}

package com.dynamicdatadource.aop;

import com.dynamicdatadource.dynamic.DynamicDataSourceService;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

// 用于单独的请求或者类进行切换数据库
@Aspect
@Component
public class DynamicDataSourceAspect {

    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.dynamicdatadource.aop.DynamicDataSourceAnno)")
    public void dynamicDataSourceAnno() {

    }

    @Around("dynamicDataSourceAnno()")
    public Object DynamicDataSourceAspectAroundAnno(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) {
        Object object = null;
        try {
            MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature)joinPoint.getSignature();
            DynamicDataSourceAnno dynamicDataSourceAnno  = signature.getMethod().getAnnotation(DynamicDataSourceAnno.class);
            String key = dynamicDataSourceAnno.key();
            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(key)) {
                //切换为指定数据库
                DynamicDataSourceService.switchDb(key);
            }
            object = joinPoint.proceed();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //还原为默认配置
            DynamicDataSourceService.resetDb();
        }
        return object;
    }


    // 还可以扩展包路径切换

}

效果

运行程序之后,就会将数据源加入到数据源列表中了

扩展

MysqlDataSourceInitialize

从数据库中将配置信息查询出来,然后动态添加到数据源列表中

package com.dao.config;

import com.dao.DatasourceDao;
import com.dynamicdatadource.aop.DynamicDataSourceAnno;
import com.dynamicdatadource.dynamic.DynamicDataSourceService;
import com.entity.DataSourceEneity;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.List;

//从数据库中查询出全部的数据源,添加到数据源容器中

/**
 * 表结构如下:
 *
 * CREATE TABLE `t_datasource` (
 *   `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
 *   `key` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '绑定的key,用于数据源的切换',
 *   `url` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '数据库连接地址',
 *   `username` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '数据库用户名',
 *   `password` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '数据库密码',
 *   `driverClassName` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '数据库驱动',
 *   `type` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '数据库类型:  mysql ,oracle,..',
 *   `state` int(2) NOT NULL COMMENT '是否可用: 1可用 ,2不可用',
 *   PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 *   UNIQUE KEY `key` (`key`)
 * ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;
 *
 * 上表要放入到默认数据源中的数据库里才行
 */
@Component
public class MysqlDataSourceInitialize implements ApplicationRunner  {

    @Autowired
    private DatasourceDao datasourceDao;

    //项目启动后执行初始化数据源
    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        try {
            List<DataSourceEneity> dataSources = datasourceDao.getDataSources();
            for (DataSourceEneity dataSource : dataSources) {
                DynamicDataSourceService.addDataSource(dataSource.getKey(),dataSource.getDataSource());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

DataSourceEneity实体类

@Data
public class DataSourceEneity {

    private int id;
    private String key;
    private String url;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String driverClassName;
    private String type;
    private int state;

    public  DataSource getDataSource() {
        DataSourceBuilder<?> builder = DataSourceBuilder.create();
        builder.driverClassName(driverClassName);
        builder.username(username);
        builder.password(password);
        builder.url(url);
        return  builder.build();
    }

}

点赞 -收藏-关注-便于以后复习和收到最新内容有其他问题在评论区讨论-或者私信我-收到会在第一时间回复如有侵权，请私信联系我感谢,配合,希望我的努力对你有帮助^_^