SpringBoot.12.SpringBoot中的拦截器

x33g5p2x  于2022-04-11 转载在 Spring  
字(11.2k)|赞(0)|评价(0)|浏览(424)

前言

拦截器(Interceptor)主要是针对特定处理器进行拦截的。也就是说它拦截的对象是我们的Controller请求。我们可以将Controller中的通用代码进行抽取放在拦截器中,就这一点来讲功能跟我们之前讲的AOP类似(Interceptor底层就是利用AOP来实现的)。在实际开发中Interceptor通常用来做权限校验(现在都有成熟的权限校验框架。比如轻量级的Shiro,还有Spring推出的Spring Security

拦截器

介绍

拦截器(Interceptor)实现对每一个请求处理前后进行相关的业务处理,类似与servlet中的Filter。
SpringMVC 中的 Interceptor 拦截请求是通过 HandlerInterceptor 接口来实现的。

拦截器可以通过以下几种方式进行实现:

  1. 实现 SpringMVC 的 HandlerInterceptor 接口;
  2. 继承实现了 HandlerInterceptor 接口的类,比如 SpringMVC 已经提供的实现了HandlerInterceptor 接口的抽象类 HandlerInterceptorAdapter;
  3. 实现 SpringMVC 的 WebRequestInterceptor 接口;
  4. 继承实现了 WebRequestInterceptor 的类;

具体实现

1.新建项目

在上一节SpringBoot.11.IDEA中如何快速复制当前父项目中的一个Module为新的项目中我们已经准备好了Module – springboot-08-interceptor。如下图所示:

2.MyInterceptor01.java
package com.christy.config.interceptors;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 自定义拦截器
 * @Author Christy
 * @Date 2021/9/28 10:20
 **/
public class MyInterceptor01 implements HandlerInterceptor {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyInterceptor01.class);

    /**
     * 
     * @author Christy
     * @date 2021/9/28 10:22
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @param handler 当前请求请求的控制器方法对象  InterceptorController#sayHello
     * @return boolean
     *          true:表示放行当前请求
     *          false:终端当前请求 例如做权限校验时如果校验不通过我们可以使用response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/login.suffix");跳转到登录界面
     */
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        log.info("==========MyInterceptor01==========handler=========" + handler);
        log.info("==========MyInterceptor01==========preHandle=========");
        return true;
    }

    /**
     *
     * @author Christy
     * @date 2021/9/28 10:28
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @param handler 当前请求请求的控制器方法对象  InterceptorController#sayHello
     * @param modelAndView 模型和视图  当前请求访问方法的 modelandview 对象
     * @return void
     */
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        log.info("==========MyInterceptor01==========postHandle=========");
    }

    /**
     *
     * @author Christy
     * @date 2021/9/28 10:29
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @param handler 当前请求请求的控制器方法对象  InterceptorController#sayHello
     * @param ex      如果控制器出现异常时异常对象
     * @return void
     */
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        log.info("==========MyInterceptor01==========ex========={}", ex);
        log.info("==========MyInterceptor01==========afterCompletion=========");
    }
}
3.配置拦截器

我们进入到MyWebMvcConfigurer.java中,按快捷键Alt+Insert,选择Implement Methods…或者直接按快捷键Alt+Shift+P。如下图所示:

Select Methods to Implement中选择addIntefceptors()这个方法。如下图所示:

修改MyWebMvcConfigurer.java内容如下所示:

import com.christy.config.interceptors.MyInterceptor01;
import com.christy.constants.FileConstants;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

/**
 * @Author Christy
 * @Date 2021/9/15 16:24
 **/
@Configuration
public class MyWebMvcConfigurer implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    /**
     * 配置拦截器
     * addInterceptor(): 指定拦截器
     * addPathPatterns("/**"):拦截所有Controller请求
     * excludePathPatterns("/file/**"):排除文件操作的请求路径
     * order():指定拦截器执行顺序 int 类型数字: 默认按照自然排序执行 数字相同时,按照配置顺序执行
     */
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(new MyInterceptor01())
                .addPathPatterns("/interceptor/**")
                .excludePathPatterns("/file/**")
                .order(1);
    }

    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        /**
         * 文件上传到服务器后并不能在项目中直接访问,需要将磁盘路径映射成虚拟路径使用http://domain/的方式才可以
         */
        String os = System.getProperty("os.name");
        if(os.toLowerCase().startsWith("win")){
            // Windows虚拟路径映射本地磁盘
            registry.addResourceHandler(FileConstants.fileVirtualPath + "**").addResourceLocations("file:" + FileConstants.fileWindowsPath);
        } else {
            // Linux虚拟路径映射本地磁盘
            registry.addResourceHandler(FileConstants.fileVirtualPath + "**").addResourceLocations("file:" + FileConstants.fileLinuxPath);
        }
    }
}
4.InterceptorController.java
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Author Christy
 * @Date 2021/9/28 10:44
 **/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/interceptor")
public class InterceptorController {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(InterceptorController.class);

    @RequestMapping("sayHello")
    public String sayHello(){
        log.info("Hello Interceptor…");
        return "interceptor";
    }
}
5.测试

启动项目,浏览器访问http://localhost:8808/interceptor/sayHello,注意观察页面和控制台输出:

我们改造一下sayHello()方法抛出一个异常,如下所示:

@RequestMapping("sayHello")
public String sayHello(){
  log.info("Hello Interceptor…");
  int i = 1/0;
  return "interceptor";
}

重新启动项目,浏览器访问http://localhost:8808/interceptor/sayHello,注意观察页面和控制台输出:

多个拦截器的执行顺序

1.MyInterceptor01.java

我们修改一下MyInterceptor01.java如下:

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 自定义拦截器
 * @Author Christy
 * @Date 2021/9/28 10:20
 **/
public class MyInterceptor01 implements HandlerInterceptor {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyInterceptor01.class);

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        log.info("==========MyInterceptor01==========1=========");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        log.info("==========MyInterceptor01==========2=========");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        log.info("==========MyInterceptor01==========3=========");
    }
}
2.MyInterceptor02.java
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 自定义拦截器
 * @Author Christy
 * @Date 2021/9/28 10:20
 **/
public class MyInterceptor02 implements HandlerInterceptor {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyInterceptor02.class);

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        log.info("==========MyInterceptor02==========4=========");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        log.info("==========MyInterceptor02==========5=========");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        log.info("==========MyInterceptor02==========6=========");
    }
}
3.MyWebMvcConfigurer.java
import com.christy.config.interceptors.MyInterceptor01;
import com.christy.config.interceptors.MyInterceptor02;
import com.christy.constants.FileConstants;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

/**
 * @Author Christy
 * @Date 2021/9/15 16:24
 **/
@Configuration
public class MyWebMvcConfigurer implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    /**
     * 配置拦截器
     * addInterceptor(): 指定拦截器
     * addPathPatterns("/**"):拦截所有Controller请求
     * excludePathPatterns("/file/**"):排除文件操作的请求路径
     * order():指定拦截器执行顺序 int 类型数字: 默认按照自然排序执行 数字相同时,按照配置顺序执行
     */
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(new MyInterceptor01())
                .addPathPatterns("/interceptor/**")
                .excludePathPatterns("/file/**")
                .order(1);

        registry.addInterceptor(new MyInterceptor02())
                .addPathPatterns("/interceptor/**")
                .excludePathPatterns("/file/**")
                .order(2);
    }

    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        /**
         * 文件上传到服务器后并不能在项目中直接访问,需要将磁盘路径映射成虚拟路径使用http://domain/的方式才可以
         */
        String os = System.getProperty("os.name");
        if(os.toLowerCase().startsWith("win")){
            // Windows虚拟路径映射本地磁盘
            registry.addResourceHandler(FileConstants.fileVirtualPath + "**").addResourceLocations("file:" + FileConstants.fileWindowsPath);
        } else {
            // Linux虚拟路径映射本地磁盘
            registry.addResourceHandler(FileConstants.fileVirtualPath + "**").addResourceLocations("file:" + FileConstants.fileLinuxPath);
        }
    }
}
4.测试

重新启动项目,浏览器访问http://localhost:8808/interceptor/sayHello,注意观察控制台输出:

多个拦截器注册以后按照注册的顺序以式结构存储,上面我们配置了两个拦截器,MyInterceptor01先入栈,MyInterceptor02后入栈;所以当请求来了之后:

首先,进入MyInterceptor01preHandle打印输出1,再进入MyInterceptor02preHandle打印输出4;这是一个入栈的过程

其次访问方法主体打印输出方法体内的logger

然后,进入MyInterceptor02postHandle打印输出5,再进入MyInterceptor01postHandle打印输出2;这是一个出栈的过程

最后,进入MyInterceptor02afterCompletion打印输出6,再进入MyInterceptor01afterCompletion打印输出3;这也是一个出栈的过程

按照上面的描述如果我们更换两个拦截器的顺序,让MyInterceptor02先入栈,MyInterceptor01后入栈;那么打印的结果应该是4->1->2->5->3->6

我们修改MyWebMvcConfigurer.java的代码更换两个拦截器的顺序如下:

import com.christy.config.interceptors.MyInterceptor01;
import com.christy.config.interceptors.MyInterceptor02;
import com.christy.constants.FileConstants;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

/**
 * @Author Christy
 * @Date 2021/9/15 16:24
 **/
@Configuration
public class MyWebMvcConfigurer implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    /**
     * 配置拦截器
     * addInterceptor(): 指定拦截器
     * addPathPatterns("/**"):拦截所有Controller请求
     * excludePathPatterns("/file/**"):排除文件操作的请求路径
     * order():指定拦截器执行顺序 int 类型数字: 默认按照自然排序执行 数字相同时,按照配置顺序执行
     */
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(new MyInterceptor01())
                .addPathPatterns("/interceptor/**")
                .excludePathPatterns("/file/**")
                .order(2);

        registry.addInterceptor(new MyInterceptor02())
                .addPathPatterns("/interceptor/**")
                .excludePathPatterns("/file/**")
                .order(1);
    }

    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        /**
         * 文件上传到服务器后并不能在项目中直接访问,需要将磁盘路径映射成虚拟路径使用http://domain/的方式才可以
         */
        String os = System.getProperty("os.name");
        if(os.toLowerCase().startsWith("win")){
            // Windows虚拟路径映射本地磁盘
            registry.addResourceHandler(FileConstants.fileVirtualPath + "**").addResourceLocations("file:" + FileConstants.fileWindowsPath);
        } else {
            // Linux虚拟路径映射本地磁盘
            registry.addResourceHandler(FileConstants.fileVirtualPath + "**").addResourceLocations("file:" + FileConstants.fileLinuxPath);
        }
    }
}

然后重启项目,浏览器访问http://localhost:8808/interceptor/sayHello,注意观察控制台输出:

相关文章