在这篇文章中,我们将学习Spring boot中的RBAC (Role Based Access Control)
在 RBAC 模型中存在三个关键实体。他们是,
以下是这些实体如何相互映射的说明。
基本上,用户可以执行操作。要执行操作,他们需要具有一定的权限或特权。这就是为什么将权限分配给角色而将角色分配给用户的原因。让我们看看如何实现这些。
让我们创建上述对象以表示为数据库实体。
@Data
@Entity
public class UserAccount {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@Column(unique = true)
private String username;
private String password;
private boolean active;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "user")
private List<UserToRole> userToRoles;
}
@Data
@Entity
public class UserRole {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
private String roleName;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "role")
private List<UserRoleToPrivilege> userRoleToPrivileges;
}
Code language: PHP (php)
@Data
@Entity
public class UserPrivilege {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
private String privilegeName;
}
Code language: PHP (php)
@Data
@Entity
public class UserRoleToPrivilege {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@ManyToOne
private UserRole role;
@ManyToOne
private UserPrivilege privilege;
}
Code language: CSS (css)
@Data
@Entity
public class UserToRole {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@ManyToOne
private UserAccount user;
@ManyToOne
private UserRole role;
}
Code language: CSS (css)
有了上述实体,让我们用适当的角色和权限添加到数据库中。对于这个测试,我使用 data.sql
文件直接输入。
insert into user_account(id, username, password, active) values (1, 'user1', '{noop}user1', 1);
insert into user_account(id, username, password, active) values (2, 'user2', '{noop}user2', 1);
insert into user_account(id, username, password, active) values (3, 'admin', '{noop}admin', 1);
insert into user_role(id, role_name) values (1, 'USER');
insert into user_role(id, role_name) values (2, 'ADMIN');
insert into user_to_role(id, user_id, role_id) values (1, 1, 1);
insert into user_to_role(id, user_id, role_id) values (2, 2, 1);
insert into user_to_role(id, user_id, role_id) values (3, 3, 2);
insert into user_privilege(id, privilege_name) values (1, 'canReadUser');
insert into user_privilege(id, privilege_name) values (2, 'canReadAdmin');
insert into user_role_to_privilege(id, role_id, privilege_id) values (1, 1, 1);
insert into user_role_to_privilege(id, role_id, privilege_id) values (2, 2, 1);
insert into user_role_to_privilege(id, role_id, privilege_id) values (3, 2, 2);
请注意,我使用的是 NoOpPasswordEncoder
,因为密码前面是 {noop}
。
在我们之前的文章中,我们总是为系统中的所有用户使用一个名为 USER
的角色。但是,我们需要进行更改以从数据库中选择这些角色和权限。这是一个如何做到这一点的粗略示例。
@Component
public class DatabaseUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {
private final
UserAccountRepository userAccountRepository;
public DatabaseUserDetailsService(UserAccountRepository userAccountRepository) {
this.userAccountRepository = userAccountRepository;
}
@Override
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
UserAccount userAccount = userAccountRepository.findByUsername(username);
if (userAccount == null) {
throw new UsernameNotFoundException("User with username [" + username + "] not found in the system");
}
Set<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new HashSet<>();
for (UserToRole userToRole : userAccount.getUserToRoles()) {
authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_" + userToRole.getRole().getRoleName()));
for (UserRoleToPrivilege userRoleToPrivilege : userToRole.getRole().getUserRoleToPrivileges()) {
authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority(userRoleToPrivilege.getPrivilege().getPrivilegeName()));
}
}
return new CustomUserDetails(userAccount.getUsername(), userAccount.getPassword(), userAccount.isActive(), authorities);
}
}
这里要注意的一件有趣的事情是,我们添加了角色和权限作为权限。但是,所有角色都以 ROLE_
开头。这种特定方式是由于 hasRole
和 hasAuthority
等安全表达式的工作方式。
这样,开发人员可以使用表达式为 url 映射设置角色级别和权限级别设置,您将在下面看到。
使用 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
,您可以自定义谁可以访问哪个 URL。看看这个配置片段。
@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/user").access("hasAuthority('canReadUser')")
.antMatchers("/admin").access("hasAuthority('canReadAdmin')")
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and().httpBasic()
.and().formLogin();
}
}
在这里,admin
用户可以同时访问 /user
和 /admin
,因为 ADMIN 角色同时具有 canReadUser
和 canReadAdmin
权限。但是,user1
或 user2
无法访问 /admin
,因为它们会收到 403 Forbidden
响应。
有了以上所有内容,让我们测试结果。
$ curl -i -u "user1:user1" http://localhost:8080/user
HTTP/1.1 200
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=9BEC44655277BBDF6832817AFF4CAAA1; Path=/; HttpOnly
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: 0
X-Frame-Options: DENY
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 11
Date: Tue, 29 Dec 2020 15:16:57 GMT
Hello user!
Code language: PHP (php)
$ curl -i -u "user1:user1" http://localhost:8080/admin
HTTP/1.1 403
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=0910F6115CB28A9DF914D22052396448; Path=/; HttpOnly
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: 0
X-Frame-Options: DENY
Content-Type: application/json
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Tue, 29 Dec 2020 15:17:28 GMT
{
"timestamp" : "2020-12-29T15:17:28.537+00:00",
"status" : 403,
"error" : "Forbidden",
"message" : "",
"path" : "/admin"
}
Code language: PHP (php)
如您所见,当 user1
尝试访问 /admin
端点时,他们会收到 403 - Forbidden
消息。