是的，可以存储额外的元数据。创建spark兼容的配置单元表并在中添加所需的元数据 TBLPROPERTIES 就像下面一样。
Hive表

CREATE TABLE `employee_details`(
  `employee_name` string COMMENT 'employee name',
  `employee_job` string COMMENT 'employee job description') 
STORED AS ORC
TBLPROPERTIES (
  'spark.sql.sources.provider'='orc',
  'spark.sql.sources.schema.numParts'='1',
  'spark.sql.sources.schema.part.0'='{\"type\":\"struct\",\"fields\":[{\"name\":\"employee_name\",\"type\":\"string\",\"nullable\":true,\"metadata\":{\"comment\":\"employee name\",\"business_key\":true,\"system_name\":\"hr system\",\"private_info\":true}},{\"name\":\"employee_job\",\"type\":\"string\",\"nullable\":true,\"metadata\":{\"comment\":\"employee job description\",\"business_key\":false,\"system_name\":\"sap\",\"private_info\":false}}]}'
)

从spark访问表

scala> val df = spark.table("hivedb.employee_details")
adf: org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame = [employee_name: string, employee_job: string]

scala> df.schema.prettyJson
res12: String =
{
  "type" : "struct",
  "fields" : [ {
    "name" : "employee_name",
    "type" : "string",
    "nullable" : true,
    "metadata" : {
      "comment" : "employee name",
      "business_key" : true,
      "system_name" : "hr system",
      "private_info" : true
    }
  }, {
    "name" : "employee_job",
    "type" : "string",
    "nullable" : true,
    "metadata" : {
      "comment" : "employee job description",
      "business_key" : false,
      "system_name" : "sap",
      "private_info" : false
    }
  } ]
}