在scala中，但python版本将非常相似（sql.functions）：

val df = Seq((1,"brand","Samsung"),(1,"ram","6GB"),(1,"ram","8GB"),(2,"brand","Apple"),(2,"ram","6GB")).toDF("item_id","attribute_key","attribute_value")

+-------+-------------+---------------+
|item_id|attribute_key|attribute_value|
+-------+-------------+---------------+
|      1|        brand|        Samsung|
|      1|          ram|            6GB|
|      1|          ram|            8GB|
|      2|        brand|          Apple|
|      2|          ram|            6GB|
+-------+-------------+---------------+

df.groupBy('item_id,'attribute_key)
.agg(collect_list('attribute_value).as("list2"))
.groupBy('item_id)
.agg(map(lit("properties"),collect_list(map('attribute_key,'list2))).as("prop"))
.select(to_json(map('item_id,'prop)).as("json"))
.show(false)

输出：

+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|json                                                              |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|{"1":{"properties":[{"ram":["6GB","8GB"]},{"brand":["Samsung"]}]}}|
|{"2":{"properties":[{"brand":["Apple"]},{"ram":["6GB"]}]}}        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+