你可以使用 scripted update （文档链接）以满足您的要求。
查询以在hobbiles中添加值

{
    "script" : {
        "source": "ctx._source.others.hobbies.add(params.hobby)",
        "lang": "painless",
        "params" : {
        "hobby": "reading books"
     }
   }
}

在“其他”中添加新字段

{
    "script": {
        "source": "ctx._source.others.location = 'value_of_new_field'",
        "lang": "painless"
    }
}

把蟋蟀从爱好中剔除

{
    "script" : {
        "source": "int index = ctx._source.others.hobbies.indexOf(params.remove_string); if(index != -1){ctx._source.others.hobbies.remove(index);}",
        "lang": "painless",
        "params" : {
            "remove_string" : "cricket"
        }
    }
}

update-1是一种添加数组字段的方法。
添加数组字段

{
        "script": {
            "source": "ctx._source.extra.location = []",
            "lang": "painless"
        }
    }