使用'单引号的关键字。样本代码

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE my_table (
    a string,
    b string,
    'last' string)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hive.hcatalog.data.JsonSerDe'
LOCATION 's3://my-bucket/my-folder/data'

last 是非保留关键字。
这里没有问题。
https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/hive/languagemanual+ddl#languagemanualddl-关键字，非保留关键字和保留关键字

hive> dfs -cat /user/hive/warehouse/my_table/*;
{"a":"hello","b":"world","last":"!"}

create external table my_table 
(
    a       string
   ,b       string
   ,last    string
)
    row format serde 'org.apache.hive.hcatalog.data.JsonSerDe'
    location '/user/hive/warehouse/my_table'
;

select * from my_table
;

+------------+------------+---------------+
| my_table.a | my_table.b | my_table.last |
+------------+------------+---------------+
| hello      | world      | !             |
+------------+------------+---------------+

对于保留关键字，使用`（重音符）进行限定可以解决问题。

hive> dfs -cat /user/hive/warehouse/my_table_2/*;
{"and":"X","or":"Mix","not":"Drix"}

create external table my_table_2
(
    `and`   string
   ,`or`    string
   ,`not`   string
)
    row format serde 'org.apache.hive.hcatalog.data.JsonSerDe'
    location '/user/hive/warehouse/my_table_2'
;

select * from my_table_2
;

+----------------+---------------+----------------+
| my_table_2.and | my_table_2.or | my_table_2.not |
+----------------+---------------+----------------+
| X              | Mix           | Drix           |
+----------------+---------------+----------------+