我刚刚在psuedo分布式模式下设置了hadoop/yarn 2.x（特别是v0.23.3）。
我遵循了一些博客和网站的说明，这些博客和网站或多或少提供了相同的设置方法。我还看了第三版的o'reilly的hadoop书（讽刺的是，这本书对我的帮助最小）。
问题是：

After running "start-dfs.sh" and then "start-yarn.sh", while all of the daemons
do start (as indicated by jps(1)), the Resource Manager web portal
(Here: http://localhost:8088/cluster/nodes) indicates 0 (zero) job-nodes in the
cluster. So while submitting the example/test Hadoop job indeed does get
scheduled, it pends forever because, I assume, the configuration doesn't see a
node to run it on.

Below are the steps I performed, including resultant configuration files.
Hopefully the community help me out... (And thank you in advance).

配置：
在my和hadoop的unix帐户配置文件中都设置了以下环境变量：~/.profile：

export HADOOP_HOME=/home/myself/APPS.d/APACHE_HADOOP.d/latest
  # Note: /home/myself/APPS.d/APACHE_HADOOP.d/latest -> hadoop-0.23.3

export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=${HADOOP_HOME}
export HADOOP_INSTALL=${HADOOP_HOME}
export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=${HADOOP_HOME}/lib
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=${HADOOP_HOME}/etc/hadoop/conf
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=${HADOOP_HOME}
export YARN_HOME=${HADOOP_HOME}
export YARN_CONF_DIR=${HADOOP_HOME}/etc/hadoop/conf
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre

hadoop$java版本

java version "1.7.0_06-icedtea<br>
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (fedora-2.3.1.fc17.2-x86_64)<br>
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.2-b09, mixed mode)<br>

# Although the above shows OpenJDK, the same problem happens with Sun's JRE/JDK.

namenode和datanode目录，也在etc/hadoop/conf/hdfs-site.xml中指定：

/home/myself/APPS.d/APACHE_HADOOP.d/latest/YARN_DATA.d/HDFS.d/DATANODE.d/
/home/myself/APPS.d/APACHE_HADOOP.d/latest/YARN_DATA.d/HDFS.d/NAMENODE.d/

接下来是各种xml配置文件（这里是yarn/mrv2/v0.23.3）：

hadoop$ pwd; ls -l
/home/myself/APPS.d/APACHE_HADOOP.d/latest/etc/hadoop/conf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoop   16 Sep 20 13:14 core-site.xml -> ../core-site.xml
lrwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoop   16 Sep 20 13:14 hdfs-site.xml -> ../hdfs-site.xml
lrwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoop   18 Sep 20 13:14 httpfs-site.xml -> ../httpfs-site.xml
lrwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoop   18 Sep 20 13:14 mapred-site.xml -> ../mapred-site.xml
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop hadoop   10 Sep 20 15:36 slaves
lrwxrwxrwx 1 hadoop hadoop   16 Sep 20 13:14 yarn-site.xml -> ../yarn-site.xml

core-site.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!-- core-site.xml -->
<configuration>
  <property>
    <name>fs.default.name</name>
    <value>hdfs://localhost/</value>
  </property>
</configuration>

mapred-site.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!-- mapred-site.xml -->
<configuration>

  <!-- Same problem whether this (legacy) stanza is included or not.  -->
  <property>
    <name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
    <value>localhost:8021</value>
  </property>

  <property>
    <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
    <value>yarn</value>
  </property>
</configuration>

hdfs-site.xml文件

<!-- hdfs-site.xml -->
<configuration>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.replication</name>
    <value>1</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
    <value>file:/home/myself/APPS.d/APACHE_HADOOP.d/YARN_DATA.d/HDFS.d/NAMENODE.d</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
    <value>file:/home/myself/APPS.d/APACHE_HADOOP.d/YARN_DATA.d/HDFS.d/DATANODE.d</value>
  </property>
</configuration>

yarn-site.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!-- yarn-site.xml -->
<configuration>
  <property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
    <value>localhost:8032</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
    <value>mapreduce.shuffle</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name>
    <value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory-mb</name>
    <value>4096</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>yarn.nodemanager.local-dirs</name>
    <value>/home/myself/APPS.d/APACHE_HADOOP.d/YARN_DATA.d/TEMP.d</value>
  </property>
</configuration>

etc/hadoop/conf/saves文件

localhost
   # Community/friends, is this entry correct/needed for my psuedo-dist mode?

其他总结说明：

(1) As you may have gleaned from above, all files/directories are owned
    by the 'hadoop' UNIX user. There is a hadoop:hadoop, UNIX User and
    Group, respectively.

(2) The following command was run after the NAMENODE & DATANODE directories
    (listed above) were created (and whose paths were entered into
    hdfs-site.xml):

    hadoop$ hadoop namenode -format

(3) Next, I ran "start-dfs.sh", then "start-yarn.sh".
    Here is jps(1) output:

hadoop@e6510$ jps
    21979 DataNode
    22253 ResourceManager
    22384 NodeManager
    22156 SecondaryNameNode
    21829 NameNode
    22742 Jps

谢谢您！