springboot允许通过创建自定义的 TypeExcludeFilter .
若要禁用kafka侦听器，请排除所有具有用注解的方法的类 @KafkaListener 或者 @KafkaHandler :

public class KafkaListenersTypeExcludeFilter extends TypeExcludeFilter {

  private static final String KAFKA_LISTENER = "org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener";
  private static final String KAFKA_HANDLER = "org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaHandler";

  @Override
  public boolean match(MetadataReader metadataReader, MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory) {
    AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata();
    return annotationMetadata.hasAnnotatedMethods(KAFKA_LISTENER)
        || annotationMetadata.hasAnnotatedMethods(KAFKA_HANDLER);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    return o != null && getClass() == o.getClass();
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    return 1;
  }
}

用注解说明Spring启动测试 @TypeExcludeFilters 与 KafkaListenersTypeExcludeFilter 作为一个值：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@TypeExcludeFilters(KafkaListenersTypeExcludeFilter.class)
public class SampleSpringBootTest {
  //...
}

带注解的Spring Boot测试 @TypeExcludeFilters(KafkaListenersTypeExcludeFilter.class) 不会启动Kafka侦听器，因此不需要Kafka代理。
当只有几个kafka监听器bean时，您还可以按照注解中建议的死区来模拟监听器bean

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@MockBean({
    SampleKafkaListener.class
})
public class SampleSpringBootTest {
  //...
}