不确定这是不是正确的答案，但是你考虑过看一下spring的答案吗 @AliasFor 注解？它可能就是你要找的。例如，您可以尝试这样的方法，看看效果如何：

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Documented
public @interface ElasticDocument {

    @AliasFor(annotation = Document.class, attribute = "indexName")
    String indexName() default "";

    @AliasFor(annotation = Document.class, attribute = "type")
    String type() default "";

    @AliasFor(annotation = Document.class, attribute = "useServerConfiguration")
    boolean useServerConfiguration() default false;

    @AliasFor(annotation = Document.class, attribute = "shards")
    short shards() default 5;

    @AliasFor(annotation = Document.class, attribute = "replicas")
    short replicas() default 1;

    @AliasFor(annotation = Document.class, attribute = "refreshInterval")
    String refreshInterval() default "1s";

    @AliasFor(annotation = Document.class, attribute = "indexStoreType")
    String indexStoreType() default "fs";

    @AliasFor(annotation = Document.class, attribute = "createIndex")
    boolean createIndex() default true;

    @AliasFor(annotation = Document.class, attribute = "versionType")
    VersionType versionType() default VersionType.EXTERNAL;

}

注意，我还没有测试上面的代码，但是你可以试试看它是如何运行的。