虽然@hansley answer可以工作，但是它需要您创建一个定制的分析器，并且正如您所提到的，您仍然只希望获得以 ~ 但是在他的结果中我看到所有的文档都包含 ~ ，所以提供了我的答案，它需要非常少的配置和工作所需的。
索引Map是默认的，所以只要在docs和es下面建立索引，就会创建一个默认Map .keyword 所有字段 text 领域
索引示例文档

{
    "title" : "content1 ~"
}

{
    "title" : "~ staring with"
}

{
    "title" : "in between ~ with"
}

搜索查询应该从示例文档中提取明显的第二个文档

{
  "query": {
    "prefix" : { "title.keyword" : "~" }
  }
}

和搜索结果

"hits": [
            {
                "_index": "pre",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "~ staring with"
                }
            }
        ]

更多信息请参考前缀查询
更新1：
索引Map：

{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "date": {
        "type": "date" 
      }
    }
  }
}

索引数据：

{
    "date": "2015-02-01",
    "title" : "in between ~ with"
}
{
    "date": "2015-01-01",
    "title": "content1 ~"
}
{
    "date": "2015-02-01",
     "title" : "~ staring with"
}
{
    "date": "2015-02-01",
    "title" : "~ in between with"
}

搜索查询：

{
    "query": {
        "bool": {
            "must": [
                {
                    "prefix": {
                        "title.keyword": "~"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "range": {
                        "date": {
                            "lte": "2015-02-05",
                            "gte": "2015-01-11"
                        }
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}

搜索结果：

"hits": [
      {
        "_index": "stof_63924930",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 2.0,
        "_source": {
          "date": "2015-02-01",
          "title": "~ staring with"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "stof_63924930",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "4",
        "_score": 2.0,
        "_source": {
          "date": "2015-02-01",
          "title": "~ in between with"
        }
      }
    ]

如果我理解你的问题很好，我建议创建一个自定义分析器来搜索特殊字符 ~ .
在替换时，我做了如下测试 ~ 至 __SPECIAL__ :
我用一个自定义的 char_filter 同时在 projectKey 现场。新的multi\u字段的名称是 special_characters .
以下是Map：

PUT wildcard-index
{
"settings": {
    "analysis": {
    "char_filter": {
        "special-characters-replacement": {
        "type": "mapping",
        "mappings": [
            "~ => __SPECIAL__"
        ]
        }
    },
    "analyzer": {
        "special-characters-analyzer": {
        "tokenizer": "standard",
        "char_filter": [
            "special-characters-replacement"
        ]
        }
    }
    }
},
"mappings": {
    "properties": {
    "projectKey": {
        "type": "text",
        "fields": {
        "special_characters": {
            "type": "text",
            "analyzer": "special-characters-analyzer"
        }
        }
    }
    }
}
}

然后我在索引中摄取了以下内容：
“projectkey”：“content1~
“projectkey”：“这~是一个内容”
“projectkey”：“~路上的车”
“projectkey”：“o~ngram”
然后，查询是：

GET wildcard-index/_search
{
"query": {
    "match": {
    "projectKey.special_characters": "~"
    }
}
}

答复是：

"hits" : [
  {
    "_index" : "wildcard-index",
    "_type" : "_doc",
    "_id" : "h1hKmHQBowpsxTkFD9IR",
    "_score" : 0.43250346,
    "_source" : {
      "projectKey" : "content1 ~"
    }
  },
  {
    "_index" : "wildcard-index",
    "_type" : "_doc",
    "_id" : "iFhKmHQBowpsxTkFFNL5",
    "_score" : 0.3034693,
    "_source" : {
      "projectKey" : "This ~ is a content"
    }
  },
  {
    "_index" : "wildcard-index",
    "_type" : "_doc",
    "_id" : "-lhKmHQBowpsxTkFG9Kg",
    "_score" : 0.3034693,
    "_source" : {
      "projectKey" : "~ cars on the road"
    }
  }
]

请让我知道如果你有任何问题，我会很乐意帮助你。
注意：如果在 ~ . 您可以从响应中看到第4个数据没有显示。