CREATE PROCEDURE get_tree (start_from INT)
BEGIN
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tmp;
    CREATE TABLE tmp (member_id INT PRIMARY KEY, 
                      name VARCHAR(255),
                      level INT);
    INSERT INTO tmp SELECT id, name, 0
                    FROM test
                    WHERE id = start_from;
    REPEAT
        INSERT IGNORE INTO tmp SELECT test.id, test.name, tmp.level + 1
                               FROM test
                               JOIN tmp ON tmp.member_id = test.introducer_id;
    UNTIL !ROW_COUNT() END REPEAT;
    SELECT * FROM tmp;
END

小提琴
我已经分享了我的sql版本的截图链接。snipboard.io/qbdb0a.jpg–屏幕
您的sql server版本是10.4.14秋叶树
供您的服务器版本使用

WITH RECURSIVE
cte AS ( SELECT id member_id, name, 0 level
         FROM test
         WHERE id = @start_from 
       UNION ALL
         SELECT test.id, test.name, cte.level + 1
         FROM test
         JOIN cte ON cte.member_id = test.introducer_id 
      -- WHERE cte.level < 7 )
SELECT * 
FROM cte;

小提琴