我不明白为什么这里没有人提到带check选项的视图可以作为mysql中check约束的一个很好的替代方案：

CREATE VIEW name_of_view AS SELECT * FROM your_table
WHERE <condition> WITH [LOCAL | CASCADED] CHECK OPTION;

mysql站点上有一个doc:view with check option子句

DROP TABLE `Participants`;

CREATE TABLE `Participants` (
  `meetid` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `pid` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
  `status` char(1) DEFAULT NULL check (status IN ('a','d','u')),
  PRIMARY KEY (`meetid`,`pid`)
);

-- should work
INSERT INTO `Participants` VALUES (1,1,'a');
-- should fail but doesn't because table check is not implemented in MySQL
INSERT INTO `Participants` VALUES (2,1,'x');

DROP VIEW vParticipants;
CREATE VIEW vParticipants AS 
  SELECT * FROM Participants WHERE status IN ('a','d','u')
  WITH CHECK OPTION;

-- should work
INSERT INTO vParticipants VALUES (3,1,'a');
-- will fail because view uses a WITH CHECK OPTION
INSERT INTO vParticipants VALUES (4,1,'x');

p、 请记住，您的视图应该是可更新的！请参阅mysql可更新视图（感谢romeo sierra在评论中的澄清）。

除了触发器之外，对于简单的约束，如您拥有的约束：

CONSTRAINT `participants_ibfk_2` 
  CHECK status IN ('a','d','u')

你需要一个 Foreign Key 从 status 参照表( ParticipantStatus 有3行： 'a','d','u' ):

CONSTRAINT ParticipantStatus_Participant_fk
  FOREIGN KEY (status)
    REFERENCES ParticipantStatus(status)

CHECK mysql不支持约束。您可以定义它们，但它们什么也不做（从mysql 5.7开始）。
根据手册：
这个 CHECK 子句已解析，但被所有存储引擎忽略。
解决方法是创建触发器，但它们不是最容易使用的。
如果您想要一个支持 CHECK 约束，请尝试postgresql。它实际上是一个非常好的数据库。

正如我在本文中所解释的，从版本8.0.16开始，mysql增加了对检查约束的支持：

ALTER TABLE topic
ADD CONSTRAINT post_content_check
CHECK (
    CASE
        WHEN DTYPE = 'Post'
        THEN
            CASE
                WHEN content IS NOT NULL
                THEN 1
                ELSE 0
            END
        ELSE 1
    END = 1
);

ALTER TABLE topic
ADD CONSTRAINT announcement_validUntil_check
CHECK (
    CASE
        WHEN DTYPE = 'Announcement'
        THEN
            CASE
                WHEN validUntil IS NOT NULL
                THEN 1
                ELSE 0
            END
        ELSE 1
    END = 1
);

以前，这仅在使用插入前和更新前触发器时可用：

CREATE
TRIGGER post_content_check BEFORE INSERT
ON topic
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
   IF NEW.DTYPE = 'Post'
   THEN
       IF NEW.content IS NULL
       THEN
           signal sqlstate '45000'
           set message_text = 'Post content cannot be NULL';
       END IF;
   END IF;
END;

CREATE
TRIGGER post_content_update_check BEFORE UPDATE
ON topic
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
   IF NEW.DTYPE = 'Post'
   THEN
       IF NEW.content IS NULL
       THEN
           signal sqlstate '45000'
           set message_text = 'Post content cannot be NULL';
       END IF;
   END IF;
END;

CREATE
TRIGGER announcement_validUntil_check BEFORE INSERT
ON topic
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
   IF NEW.DTYPE = 'Announcement'
   THEN
       IF NEW.validUntil IS NULL
       THEN
           signal sqlstate '45000'
           set message_text = 'Announcement validUntil cannot be NULL';
       END IF;
   END IF;
END;

CREATE
TRIGGER announcement_validUntil_update_check BEFORE UPDATE
ON topic
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
   IF NEW.DTYPE = 'Announcement'
   THEN
       IF NEW.validUntil IS NULL
       THEN
           signal sqlstate '45000'
           set message_text = 'Announcement validUntil cannot be NULL';
       END IF;
   END IF;
END;

有关在8.0.16之前的mysql版本中使用数据库触发器模拟检查约束的更多详细信息，请参阅本文。

以下是一种快速方便地获得所需支票的方法：

drop database if exists gtest;

create database if not exists gtest;
use gtest;

create table users (
  user_id       integer unsigned not null auto_increment primary key,
  username      varchar(32) not null default '',
  password      varchar(64) not null default '',
  unique key ix_username (username)
) Engine=InnoDB auto_increment 10001;

create table owners (
  owner_id      integer unsigned not null auto_increment primary key,
  ownername     varchar(32) not null default '',
  unique key ix_ownername (ownername)
) Engine=InnoDB auto_increment 5001;

create table users_and_owners (
  id    integer unsigned not null primary key,
  name  varchar(32) not null default '',
  unique key ix_name(name)
) Engine=InnoDB;

create table p_status (
  a_status      char(1) not null primary key
) Engine=InnoDB;

create table people (
  person_id integer unsigned not null auto_increment primary key,
  pid       integer unsigned not null,
  name      varchar(32) not null default '',
  status    char(1) not null,
  unique key ix_name (name),
  foreign key people_ibfk_001 (pid) references users_and_owners(id),
  foreign key people_ibfk_002 (status) references p_status (a_status)
) Engine=InnoDB;

create or replace view vw_users_and_owners as
select 
  user_id id,
  username name
from users
union
select 
  owner_id id,
  ownername name
from owners
order by id asc
;

create trigger newUser after insert on users for each row replace into users_and_owners select * from vw_users_and_owners;
create trigger newOwner after insert on owners for each row replace into users_and_owners select * from vw_users_and_owners;

insert into users ( username, password ) values
( 'fred Smith', password('fredSmith')),
( 'jack Sparrow', password('jackSparrow')),
( 'Jim Beam', password('JimBeam')),
( 'Ted Turner', password('TedTurner'))
;

insert into owners ( ownername ) values ( 'Tom Jones'),( 'Elvis Presley'),('Wally Lewis'),('Ted Turner');

insert into people (pid, name, status) values ( 5001, 'Tom Jones', 1),(10002,'jack Sparrow',1),(5002,'Elvis Presley',1);