可以使用条件聚合：

Select sum(case when col1='x' then 1 else 0 end) as count_col1,
       sum(case when col2='x' then 1 else 0 end) as count_col2,
       sum(case when col3='x' then 1 else 0 end) as count_col3
  from tab;

如果要计算这些计数值的总和，请将上述查询视为内部查询，并使用以下命令：

Select q.*,
        q.count_col1 + q.count_col2 + q.count_col3 whole_sum
   from     
     (
        Select sum(case when col1='x' then 1 else 0 end) as count_col1,
               sum(case when col2='x' then 1 else 0 end) as count_col2,
               sum(case when col3='x' then 1 else 0 end) as count_col3
          from tab  
      ) q

rextester演示