在派生表中，我们可以确定 Object 值，该值至少有一个以上的组合，并且其中一个组合至少总共有5个单位。
联接回主表以仅获取这些行（post GROUP BY ).
查询

SELECT 
  t.object, t.size, t.color, SUM(t.units) AS total_units 
FROM 
your_table AS t
JOIN 
(
  SELECT dt.object 
  FROM 
  (
    SELECT
      object, size, color, SUM(units) AS total_units 
    FROM your_table 
    GROUP BY 
      object, size, color
  ) AS dt 
  GROUP BY dt.object 
  HAVING COUNT(*) > 1 AND 
         SUM(dt.total_units >= 5) /* atleast one with 5 units */
) AS dt2 
  ON dt2.object = t.object
GROUP BY t.object, t.size, t.color;

结果

| object   | size   | color  | total_units |
| -------- | ------ | ------ | ----------- |
| ball     | big    | yellow | 2           |
| ball     | medium | blue   | 3           |
| ball     | small  | red    | 5           |
| umbrella | big    | blue   | 4           |
| umbrella | huge   | green  | 1           |
| umbrella | huge   | red    | 2           |
| umbrella | medium | blue   | 5           |

db fiddle视图

使用窗口函数（在mysql和mariadb数据库的最新版本中），这很简单：

select object, size, color, total_units
from (select object, size, color, sum(units) as total_units,
             max(sum(units)) over (partition by object) as max_total_units,
             count(*) over (partition by object) as cnt
      from t
      group by object, size, color
     ) t
where max_total_units >= 5 and cnt > 1;