SELECT city
    CASE        
     WHEN type = 'Medical' THEN amount END) Medical,  
     WHEN type = 'Educational' THEN amount END) Educational,   
     WHEN type = 'Scholarship' THEN amount END) Scholarship   
FROM tbl_client
GROUP BY city

你可以尝试使用条件加重函数 SUM 与 GROUP BY 架构（mysql v5.7）

CREATE TABLE T(
   c_ID int,
   city varchar(50),
   type varchar(50),
   amount int
);

INSERT INTO T VALUES (1,'Boston','Medical',1500);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (2,'Miami','Educational',3000);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (3,'Dallas','Scholarship',1000);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (4,'Boston','Scholarship',1500);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (5,'Miami','Medical',3000);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (6,'Boston','Educational',1000);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (7,'Miami','Medical',3000);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (8,'Dallas','Medical',1000);

查询#1

SELECT city,          
    SUM(CASE WHEN type = 'Medical' THEN amount END) Medical,  
    SUM(CASE WHEN type = 'Educational' THEN amount END) Educational,   
    SUM(CASE WHEN type = 'Scholarship' THEN amount END) Scholarship   
FROM T 
GROUP BY city;

| city   | Medical | Educational | Scholarship |
| ------ | ------- | ----------- | ----------- |
| Boston | 1500    | 1000        | 1500        |
| Dallas | 1000    |             | 1000        |
| Miami  | 6000    | 3000        |             |

db fiddle视图