我有两个模式相同的数据库。一个数据库来自生产，另一个是测试数据库。我正在对数据库中的一个表进行查询。在生产表上，查询大约需要4.3秒，而在测试数据库上，查询大约需要130毫秒。但是，生产表只有不到50000条记录，而我为测试表添加了超过100000条记录。我比较了这两个表，它们都有相同的索引。对我来说，问题似乎出在数据上。在播种时，我尝试生成尽可能随机的数据，以便模拟生产条件，但仍然无法重现缓慢的查询。
我查看了 EXPLAIN 对于这两个查询。它们在最后两栏中有显著差异。
生产：

+-------+-------------------------+
| rows  | Extra                   |
+-------+-------------------------+
| 24459 | Using where             |
| 46    | Using where; Not exists |
+-------+-------------------------+

测试：

+------+------------------------------------+
| rows | Extra                              |
+------+------------------------------------+
| 3158 | Using index condition; Using where |
| 20   | Using where; Not exists            |
+------+------------------------------------+

生产表的create语句是：

CREATE TABLE `usage_logs` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `operation` varchar(30) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `check_time` datetime NOT NULL,
  `check_in_log_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `daily_usage_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `duration_units` decimal(11,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `is_deleted` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `facility_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `notes` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `mac_address` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '00:00:00:00:00:00',
  `login` varchar(40) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `index_usage_logs_on_user_id` (`user_id`),
  KEY `index_usage_logs_on_check_in_log_id` (`check_in_log_id`),
  KEY `index_usage_logs_on_facility_id` (`facility_id`),
  KEY `index_usage_logs_on_check_time` (`check_time`),
  KEY `index_usage_logs_on_mac_address` (`mac_address`),
  KEY `index_usage_logs_on_operation` (`operation`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=145147 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci

而在测试数据库中相同的是：

CREATE TABLE `usage_logs` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `operation` varchar(30) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `check_time` datetime NOT NULL,
  `check_in_log_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `daily_usage_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `duration_units` decimal(11,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `is_deleted` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `facility_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `notes` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `mac_address` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '00:00:00:00:00:00',
  `login` varchar(40) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `index_usage_logs_on_check_in_log_id` (`check_in_log_id`),
  KEY `index_usage_logs_on_check_time` (`check_time`),
  KEY `index_usage_logs_on_facility_id` (`facility_id`),
  KEY `index_usage_logs_on_mac_address` (`mac_address`),
  KEY `index_usage_logs_on_operation` (`operation`),
  KEY `index_usage_logs_on_user_id` (`user_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=104001 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci

完整查询是：

SELECT `usage_logs`.*
FROM `usage_logs`
LEFT OUTER JOIN usage_logs AS usage_logs_latest ON usage_logs.facility_id = usage_logs_latest.facility_id
AND usage_logs.user_id = usage_logs_latest.user_id
AND usage_logs.mac_address = usage_logs_latest.mac_address
AND usage_logs.check_time < usage_logs_latest.check_time
WHERE `usage_logs`.`facility_id` = 5
  AND `usage_logs`.`operation` = 'checkIn'
  AND (usage_logs.check_time >= '2018-06-08 00:00:00')
  AND (usage_logs.check_time <= '2018-06-08 11:23:05')
  AND (usage_logs_latest.id IS NULL)

我在同一台机器上对两个不同的数据库执行查询，所以我认为其他进程不会干扰结果。
这个结果意味着什么？我可以采取什么进一步的步骤来找出执行时间差异很大的原因？