最大的问题是如何处理领带。你大概是说第二高的薪水吧。在这种情况下，你是专门寻找 dense_rank() 窗口功能：

select t.*
from (select t.*,
             dense_rank() over (partition by country order by salary desc) as seqnum
      from t
     ) t
where t.seqnum = 2;

现在，这样做的挑战是，如果出现平局，它可能会返回多行。如果您特别想要一行，那么：

select t.*
from (select t.*,
             dense_rank() over (partition by country order by salary desc) as ranking,
             row_number() over (partition by country, salary order by country) as seqnum
      from t
     ) t
where t.ranking = 2 and seqnum = 1;

比如：

select 
    t.*
from (
    select
        tbl.*,
        row_number() over(partition by country order by salary desc) rn
    from 
        tbl
) t
where 
    t.rn = 2