方法：1：
如果您可以编写“if and loop”，那么您可以尝试这种方法。

select count(1) as cnt
from yourtable
where hk='new_value';

if (cnt=0){
---your insert query will be here
}else {
   --some message... "hk" already present in table.
}

方法：2：

INSERT INTO your_table_name
      (hk, diagnosisid, id, cdcode)
SELECT 'asdf' as hk,
       'asdf' as diagnosisid,
       'ss'   as id,
       'ddww' as cdcode
 WHERE 'asdf' 
        NOT IN (SELECT hk FROM your_table_name)

方法：3：
最后，您必须编写etl脚本来执行这些操作。
解决方案：
在您的场景中：（根据注解中提供的表）查询将是：

create table pid1(hk string,diagnosisid string,id string,cdcode string);
insert into pid1 values('EXVWLOORV@#19690321F','1','7810','I9C');
insert into pid1 values('OHQQDUG@#19380630F','1','3643','I9C');
insert into pid1 values('VPLWK@#19610120F','1','2731','I9C');

create table pid as select * from pid1 limit 1;

INSERT INTO pid
      (hk, diagnosisid, id, cdcode)
SELECT hk,
       diagnosisid,
       id,
       cdcode
from pid1
 WHERE hk NOT IN (SELECT hk FROM pid);

祝你一切顺利！！！