导言

因为这是一个老问题，所以我决定通过完全重新组织/重写op的代码来解决这个问题。
我创建了一个完整的gui。下面是一系列显示gui的图像。
这是gui的学生页面。这是学生输入姓名和学生id的地方，这个gui的大部分文本是西班牙语。当我抄写最后几个问题是英语时，我很惊讶。

这是gui的问答页面。加载到应用程序模型中的问题数就是将要询问的问题数。这些问题是按照它们加载到应用程序模型中的顺序提出的。答案是随机排列的。
学生通过选择右边的一个单选按钮来回答问题，然后左键单击continue按钮。

这是中间的问题之一。一共有20个问题。

测试完成后，学生返回学生小组。学生的分数返回到小组的底部。

要访问学生成绩秘密表，必须输入“111111”作为学生id号。

这是学生成绩的秘密表格。

解释

当我创建一个复杂的swing应用程序时，我使用model/view/controller模式。这种模式允许我将关注点分开，一次只关注应用程序的一个部分。

型号

我从创建应用程序模型开始。我创造了一个 Student a级 Question 班级，a ProjectModel 班级。这三个类都是普通的javagetter/setter类。
这个 ProjectModel 类是主要的应用模型。它包含一个 java.util.List 的 Student 示例和 java.util.List 等级 Question 示例。所有引用 List 在本答案的其余部分，请参阅 java.util.List .
这个 createQuestionsFactory 方法 ProjectModel 类创建所有的测试问题。这个方法有127行长。通过创建 Question 类和 Question 例如，我们可以创建一个问题面板并重用它。我本可以引用正确的答案，而不是复制它，但我复制了正确的答案，这样代码就更容易验证和理解。一个真正的系统会有面板，用于输入测试和问题，将测试保存到数据库，以及检索测试。
这个 Question 类由 String 问题，a List 的 String 可能的答案，a String 回答正确，并且 int 价值观。我们将这些字段分组在一个类中，这样就不必单独跟踪这些值。
一个问题的可能答案的数目不是固定的，尽管所有的问题都应该有相同数目的可能答案。如果问题有不同数量的可能答案，那么视图代码就必须更加复杂。
这个 Student 班级把属于学生的领域放在一起。当我们填充 JTable 学生的分数。

查看

视图由一个 JFrame ，与主 JPanel . 主要 JPanel 使用 CardLayout 从一个切换到另一个 JPanel 另一个。
三部曲 JPanels 你是学生吗 JPanel ，一个问题 JPanel ，还有一张table JPanel . 前两个下属 JPanels 使用 GridBagLayout . 最后一个下属 JPanel 使用 BorderLayout .
这个 ProyectoFinal 课程以调用
SwingUtilities invokeLater 方法。此方法确保swing应用程序在事件调度线程上创建和执行swing组件。
这个 ProyectoFinal 类构造函数创建 ProjectModel 班级。通常，在创建视图之前先创建模型的示例。
这个 run 方法 ProyectoFinal 类创建 JFrame . 必须按此顺序调用这些方法。
这个 createMainPanel 方法创建主 JPanel 使用 CardLayout .
这个 createStudentPanel 方法和步骤 createQuestionPanel 方法创建它们的 JPanel 使用 GridBagLayout . 这个 createTablePanel 方法创建其 JPanel 使用 BorderLayout .
这个 updateQuestionPanel 以及 updateTablePanel 方法更新问题 JPanel table呢 JPanel 分别是。

控制器

控制器类都是匿名的。我已经创建了4个类。
每个 JButton 具有匿名控制器类。这个 actionListener 匿名控制器类的方法是更新应用程序模型和 JPanel 切换到适当的 JPanel 卡片。

代码

下面是完整的可运行代码。最小，不是。

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.CardLayout;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.Insets;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import javax.swing.AbstractButton;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTable;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;

public class ProyectoFinal implements Runnable {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new ProyectoFinal());
    }

    private int questionCount;

    private DefaultTableModel tableModel;

    private JLabel questionTitleLabel;
    private JLabel studentMessageLabel;

    private JPanel mainPanel;

    private JTextField nameField;
    private JTextField cedulaField;
    private JTextField questionField;

    private JTextField[] answerFields;

    private ProjectModel model;

    private Question question;

    private Student student;

    public ProyectoFinal() {
        this.model = new ProjectModel();
        this.questionCount = 0;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Proyecto Final");
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        mainPanel = createMainPanel();
        frame.add(mainPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.pack();
        frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    public JPanel createMainPanel() {
        JPanel panel = new JPanel(new CardLayout());

        panel.add(createStudentPanel(), "Student");
        panel.add(createQuestionPanel(), "Question");
        panel.add(createTablePanel(), "Table");

        return panel;
    }

    public void clearStudentPanel(String message) {
        nameField.setText("");
        cedulaField.setText("");
        studentMessageLabel.setText(message);
    }

    public JPanel createStudentPanel() {
        JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
        panel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));

        GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
        gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.CENTER;
        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.NONE;
        gbc.insets = new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);
        gbc.gridwidth = 2;
        gbc.gridx = 0;
        gbc.gridy = 0;

        int count = model.getQuestions().size();

        String instructions = "<html>Esta es una prueba automatizada. Después "
                + "de enviar su nombre y número de identificación "
                + "<br />de estudiante, se le mostrarán " + count + " preguntas "
                + "de opción múltiple. Sus respuestas se calificarán "
                + "<br />y se les asignará una calificación.";

        JLabel instructionsLabel = new JLabel(instructions);
        instructionsLabel.setFont(panel.getFont().deriveFont(14f));
        instructionsLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
        panel.add(instructionsLabel, gbc);

        gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_START;
        gbc.gridwidth = 1;
        gbc.gridy++;
        JLabel nameLabel = new JLabel("Escriba su nombre:");
        panel.add(nameLabel, gbc);

        gbc.gridx++;
        nameField = new JTextField(40);
        panel.add(nameField, gbc);

        gbc.gridx = 0;
        gbc.gridy++;
        JLabel cedulaLabel = new JLabel("<html>Escriba su número de"
                + "<br />identificación de estudiante:");
        panel.add(cedulaLabel, gbc);

        gbc.gridx++;
        cedulaField = new JTextField(40);
        panel.add(cedulaField, gbc);

        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        gbc.gridwidth = 2;
        gbc.gridx = 0;
        gbc.gridy++;
        JButton button = new JButton("Enviar");
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
                String cedula = cedulaField.getText().trim();
                String name = nameField.getText().trim();

                if (cedula.equals("111111")) {
                    updateTablePanel();
                    CardLayout layout = (CardLayout) mainPanel.getLayout();
                    layout.show(mainPanel, "Table");
                    return;
                }

                if (cedula.isEmpty() || name.isEmpty()) {
                    return;
                } 

                ProyectoFinal.this.student = new Student(cedula, name);
                model.addStudent(student);
                CardLayout layout = (CardLayout) mainPanel.getLayout();
                layout.show(mainPanel, "Question");
            }
        });
        panel.add(button, gbc);

        gbc.gridy++;
        studentMessageLabel = new JLabel(" ");
        studentMessageLabel.setFont(panel.getFont().deriveFont(14f));
        studentMessageLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
        panel.add(studentMessageLabel, gbc);

        return panel;
    }

    public void updateQuestionPanel() {
        this.question = model.getQuestion(questionCount);

        questionTitleLabel.setText("Pregunta " + (questionCount + 1));
        questionField.setText(question.getQuestion());

        List<String> answers = question.getShuffledAnswers();

        for (int i = 0; i < answers.size(); i++) {
            answerFields[i].setText(answers.get(i));
        }
    }

    public JPanel createQuestionPanel() {
        JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
        panel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));

        GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
        gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.CENTER;
        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.NONE;
        gbc.insets = new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5);
        gbc.gridwidth = 3;
        gbc.gridx = 0;
        gbc.gridy = 0;

        this.question = model.getQuestion(questionCount);

        questionTitleLabel = new JLabel("Pregunta 1");
        questionTitleLabel.setFont(panel.getFont().deriveFont(24f));
        questionTitleLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
        panel.add(questionTitleLabel, gbc);

        gbc.gridy++;
        JLabel instructionsLabel = new JLabel("Seleccione la respuesta "
                + "más apropiada y haga clic izquierdo en el botón Continuar");
        instructionsLabel.setFont(panel.getFont().deriveFont(14f));
        instructionsLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
        panel.add(instructionsLabel, gbc);

        gbc.gridwidth = 1;
        gbc.gridy++;
        JLabel questionLabel = new JLabel("Pregunta:");
        panel.add(questionLabel, gbc);

        gbc.gridwidth = 2;
        gbc.gridx++;
        questionField = new JTextField(60);
        questionField.setEditable(false);
        questionField.setText(question.getQuestion());
        panel.add(questionField, gbc);

        List<String> answers = question.getShuffledAnswers();

        gbc.gridwidth = 1;

        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        answerFields = new JTextField[answers.size()];

        for (int i = 0; i < answers.size(); i++) {
            String answer = answers.get(i);

            gbc.gridx = 0;
            gbc.gridy++;
            JLabel numberLabel = new JLabel((i + 1) + ")");
            panel.add(numberLabel, gbc);

            gbc.gridx++;
            answerFields[i] = new JTextField(60);
            answerFields[i].setEditable(false);
            answerFields[i].setText(answer);
            panel.add(answerFields[i], gbc);

            gbc.gridx++;
            JRadioButton radioButton = new JRadioButton();
            buttonGroup.add(radioButton);
            panel.add(radioButton, gbc);
        }

        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        gbc.gridwidth = 3;
        gbc.gridx = 0;
        gbc.gridy++;
        JButton button = new JButton("Continuar");
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
                Enumeration<AbstractButton> list = buttonGroup.getElements();

                int index = 0;
                Iterator<AbstractButton> iterator = list.asIterator();
                while (list.hasMoreElements()) {
                    JRadioButton button = (JRadioButton) iterator.next();
                    if (button.isSelected()) {  
                        String answer = question.getAnswer(index);
                        if (question.isAnswerCorrect(answer)) {
                            student.addPuntos(question.getPuntos());
                            student.addRescorrect();
                        }
                    }
                    index++;
                }
                buttonGroup.clearSelection();
                questionCount++;

                if (questionCount < model.getQuestions().size()) {
                    updateQuestionPanel();
                } else {
                    questionCount = 0;
                    String message = "Ha completado su prueba " + 
                            student.getName() + ".  Su puntaje de prueba es " +
                            student.getPuntos() + ".";
                    clearStudentPanel(message);
                    ProyectoFinal.this.student = null;

                    CardLayout layout = (CardLayout) mainPanel.getLayout();
                    layout.show(mainPanel, "Student");
                }
            }
        });
        panel.add(button, gbc);

        return panel;
    }

    public void updateTablePanel() {
        for (int i = 0; i < tableModel.getRowCount(); i++) {
            tableModel.removeRow(0);
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < model.getStudents().size(); i++) {
            Student student = model.getStudents().get(i);
            Object[] object = new Object[tableModel.getColumnCount()];
            object[0] = student.getCedula();
            object[1] = student.getName();
            object[2] = student.getRescorrect();
            object[3] = student.getPuntos();
            object[4] = student.getStatus();
            tableModel.addRow(object);
        }
    }

    public JPanel createTablePanel() {
        JPanel panel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
        panel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));

        String[] header = { "Estudiante No", "Nombre", "Rescorrect", 
                "Puntos Obtenidos", "Status" };

        tableModel = new DefaultTableModel() {
            private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

            @Override
            public Class<?> getColumnClass(int c) {
                if (c < 2) {
                    return String.class;
                } else {
                    return Integer.class;
                }
            }
        };

        for (String string : header) {
            tableModel.addColumn(string);
        }

        JTable table = new JTable(tableModel);
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);
        panel.add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        JButton button = new JButton("Regresar a las pruebas de los estudiantes");
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
                questionCount = 0;
                clearStudentPanel("");
                ProyectoFinal.this.student = null;

                CardLayout layout = (CardLayout) mainPanel.getLayout();
                layout.show(mainPanel, "Student");
            }
        });
        panel.add(button, BorderLayout.AFTER_LAST_LINE);

        return panel;
    }

    public class ProjectModel {

        private List<Student> students;
        private List<Question> questions;

        public ProjectModel() {
            this.students = new ArrayList<>();
            this.questions = createQuestionsFactory();
        }

        private List<Question> createQuestionsFactory() {
            List<Question> questions = new ArrayList<>();

            String question = "En programacion, una variable es?";
            String[] answers = { "Informacion Almacenada", "Un numero",
                    "Un Contador" };
            String correctAnswer = "Informacion Almacenada";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 6));

            question = "Que es un hacker?";
            answers = new String[] { "Un delincuente informatico", 
                    "Un programa de Facebook",
                    "Experto en Tecnologia" };
            correctAnswer = "Experto en Tecnologia";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 6));

            question = "Que es un malware?";
            answers = new String[] { "Software Malicioso", "Virus de Celular",
                    "Un Trino de un Politico en Campaña" };
            correctAnswer = "Software Malicioso";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 6));

            question = "Que es Python?";
            answers = new String[] { "Una Serpiente", "Un Lenguaje de Programacion",
                    "Un arma" };
            correctAnswer = "Un Lenguaje de Programacion";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 6));

            question = "La Ram es?";
            answers = new String[] { "Capacidad de almacenamiento", 
                    "Chip de ayuda al Procesador",
                    "Rama de la tecnologia que estudia el hardware" };
            correctAnswer = "Chip de ayuda al Procesador";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 6));

            question = "Que es minecraft?";
            answers = new String[] { "VideoJuego de supervivencia", 
                    "Metodo chino de almacenamiento de datos",
                    "Bomba atomica" };
            correctAnswer = "VideoJuego de supervivencia";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 6));

            question = "Que es el machine learning?";
            answers = new String[] { "Enseñar a las maquinas a hacer cosas", 
                    "Programar maquinas para que usen algoritmos",
                    "Todo aquello que podemos aprender de una maquina" };
            correctAnswer = "Programar maquinas para que usen algoritmos";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 6));

            question = "Que es Realidad Aumentada?";
            answers = new String[] { "Tecnologia de inmersion", 
                    "Protocolo de Mejora a la vista humana",
                    "Vision de un entorno fisico al mundo real, a "
                    + "traves de un dispositivo" };
            correctAnswer = "Vision de un entorno fisico al mundo "
                    + "real, a traves de un dispositivo";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 6));

            question = "Para que se utilizan los Bit-Coins?";
            answers = new String[] { "Apostar en Casinos", 
                    "Realizar Pagos Online de forma segura",
                    "Comprar entradas de cine" };
            correctAnswer = "Realizar Pagos Online de forma segura";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 6));

            question = "Que es un String?";
            answers = new String[] { "Una variable de tipo cadena", "Una cuerda",
                    "Un culumpio" };
            correctAnswer = "Una variable de tipo cadena";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 6));

            question = "El orden de los factores no altera?";
            answers = new String[] { "La Formula Cuadratica", "El Producto",
                    "La Division" };
            correctAnswer = "El Producto";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 4));

            question = "En la jerarquia de Operadores, cual de los "
                    + "siguientes signos tiene prioridad?";
            answers = new String[] { "*", "-", "+" };
            correctAnswer = "*";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 4));

            question = "Cuanto vale Pi?";
            answers = new String[] { "3.1315", "3.1514", "3.1415" };
            correctAnswer = "3.1415";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 4));

            question = "Como se denomina un Triangulo con sus 3 lados iguales?";
            answers = new String[] { "Isosceles", "Escaleno", "Equilatero" };
            correctAnswer = "Equilatero";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 4));

            question = "Como se denomina un Triangulo con sus 3 lados diferentes?";
            answers = new String[] { "Isosceles", "Escaleno", "Equilatero" };
            correctAnswer = "Escaleno";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 4));

            question = "What does the abbreviation DOB stand for?";
            answers = new String[] { "Date of Birth", "Date of Bird",
                    "Donuts Online Business" };
            correctAnswer = "Date of Birth";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 4));

            question = "What is the plural form for child?";
            answers = new String[] { "Childs", "Childes", "Children" };
            correctAnswer = "Children";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 4));

            question = "The English Language originates from?";
            answers = new String[] { "United States", "Great Britain",
                    "Germany" };
            correctAnswer = "Germany";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 4));

            question = "What is the singular form of the verb \"to be\"?";
            answers = new String[] { "Is", "Are", "Am" };
            correctAnswer = "Is";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 4));

            question = "What is TOEFL?";
            answers = new String[] { "Test of English as a foreign language", "An STD",
                    "A cookie brand" };
            correctAnswer = "Test of English as a foreign language";
            questions.add(new Question(question, createList(answers), correctAnswer, 4));

            return questions;
        }

        private List<String> createList(String[] values) {
            List<String> output = new ArrayList<>();

            for (String s : values) {
                output.add(s);
            }

            return output;
        }

        public List<Student> getStudents() {
            return students;
        }

        public void addStudent(Student student) {
            this.students.add(student);
        }

        public List<Question> getQuestions() {
            return questions;
        }

        public Question getQuestion(int index) {
            return questions.get(index);
        }

    }

    public class Question {

        private final int puntos;

        private final List<String> answers;

        private final String correctAnswer;
        private final String question;

        public Question(String question, List<String> answers, 
                String correctAnswer, int puntos) {
            this.question = question;
            this.answers = answers;
            this.correctAnswer = correctAnswer;
            this.puntos = puntos;
        }

        public List<String> getAnswers() {
            return answers;
        }

        public String getAnswer(int index) {
            return answers.get(index);
        }

        public List<String> getShuffledAnswers() {
            Collections.shuffle(answers);
            return answers;
        }

        public boolean isAnswerCorrect(String answer) {
            return answer.equals(correctAnswer);
        }

        public String getQuestion() {
            return question;
        }

        public int getPuntos() {
            return puntos;
        }

    }

    public class Student {

        private int puntos;
        private int rescorrect;

        private final String name;
        private final String cedula;

        public Student(String cedula, String name) {
            this.cedula = cedula;
            this.name = name;
            this.puntos = 0;
            this.rescorrect = 0;
        }

        public int getPuntos() {
            return puntos;
        }

        public void addPuntos(int puntos) {
            this.puntos += puntos;
        }

        public int getRescorrect() {
            return rescorrect;
        }

        public void addRescorrect() {
            this.rescorrect++;
        }

        public int getStatus() {
            return (puntos >= 71) ? 1 : 0;
        }

        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }

        public String getCedula() {
            return cedula;
        }

    }

}