layoutmanager，用于不同大小的组件，无需编码绝对位置

k4ymrczo 于 2021-07-03 发布在 Java

关注(0)|答案(3)|浏览(252)

我试图创建一些用户界面，但不知道如何使用 LayoutManger 为了它。

像在图像中显示紫色的颜色成分有固定的宽度和高度，但粘在角落里。8和4具有固定高度和可变高度，2和6具有固定高度和可变宽度。中间组件（9）需要可变的宽度和高度。
这8个组件的工作方式类似于边框，中间的组件需要根据父组件大小调整大小。我可以用空布局编码绝对位置。但我建议不要使用空布局。
我怎么能用一个布局管理器来完成这个任务呢？我需要使用多个布局吗？
更新
我试过一些 GridBagLayout 正如安德鲁的建议，但我仍然需要一些帮助来了解它是如何工作的。这是我的密码

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;

public class GridLayoutTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        JPanel jPanel1 = new JPanel();
        jPanel1.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());

        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        JButton button;

        GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();

        button = new JButton("1");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.FIRST_LINE_START;
        c.gridx = 0;
        c.gridy = 0;
        jPanel1.add(button, c);

        button = new JButton("2");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        c.weightx = 1.0;
        c.gridx = 1;
        c.gridy = 0;
        jPanel1.add(button, c);

        button = new JButton("3");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.FIRST_LINE_END;
        c.gridx = 2;
        c.gridy = 0;
        jPanel1.add(button, c);

        button = new JButton("4");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_START;
        c.weighty = 1.0;
        c.gridx = 0;
        c.gridy = 1;
        jPanel1.add(button, c);

        //Panel
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        panel.setBackground(Color.green.darker());
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
        c.weightx = 0.0;
        //c.weightx = 1.0;
        c.gridx = 1;
        c.gridy = 1;
        jPanel1.add(panel, c);

        button = new JButton("5");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_END;
        c.weighty = 1.0;
        c.gridx = 2;
        c.gridy = 1;
        jPanel1.add(button, c);

        button = new JButton("6");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LAST_LINE_START;
        c.gridx = 0;
        c.gridy = 2;
        jPanel1.add(button, c);

        button = new JButton("7");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        c.weightx = 1.0;
        c.gridx = 1;
        c.gridy = 2;
        jPanel1.add(button, c);

        button = new JButton("8");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LAST_LINE_END;
        c.gridx = 2;
        c.gridy = 2;
        jPanel1.add(button, c);

        frame.add(jPanel1);

        frame.pack();
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        frame.setSize(500, 500);
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }

}

Java swing layout-manager

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/65288963/layoutmanager-for-different-sized-components-without-coding-absolute-positions

3条答案

按热度按时间

9udxz4iz1#

另一个选择是jgoodies formlayout。从基本上永远以来，我一直在使用jformdesigner来满足我所有的布局需求。它覆盖了我95%的用例。剩下的5%是边界布局和绝对定位（空布局）。

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wlsrxk512#

解决复杂计算任务的一个常见策略是将它们分解为小的、定义良好的可管理任务。分而治之。这也适用于gui：您可以将设计分解为小的、易于布局的容器。在这种情况下，可以通过使用 BoxLayout 以及 BorderLayout :

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.Box.Filler;
import javax.swing.*;

public class FramedContent extends JPanel{

    private static final int FRAME_WIDTH = 35, CONTENT_SIZE = 300, BORDER_SIZE = 1;
    private static final Color CORNER_COLOR = Color.MAGENTA, RULLER_COLOR = Color.BLUE,
                                CONTENT_COLOR = Color.GREEN, BORDER_COLOR = Color.WHITE;
    FramedContent(){
        setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        add(header(), BorderLayout.NORTH);
        add(center(), BorderLayout.CENTER);
        add(header(), BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    }

    private JPanel header(){
        JPanel hExpandPane = new JPanel();
        hExpandPane.setLayout(new BoxLayout(hExpandPane, BoxLayout.X_AXIS));
        hExpandPane.add(corner());
        hExpandPane.add(hRuller());
        hExpandPane.add(corner());
        return hExpandPane;
    }

    private JComponent corner(){
        Dimension d = new Dimension(FRAME_WIDTH, FRAME_WIDTH);
        Filler filler = new Filler(d, d, d);
        filler.setBackground(CORNER_COLOR);
        filler.setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(BORDER_COLOR, BORDER_SIZE));
        filler.setOpaque(true);
        return filler;
    }

    private JComponent hRuller(){
        Dimension d = new Dimension(0,FRAME_WIDTH);
        Filler filler = new Filler(d, d, new Dimension(Short.MAX_VALUE, FRAME_WIDTH));
        filler.setBackground(RULLER_COLOR);;
        filler.setOpaque(true);
        return filler;
    }

    private JPanel center(){
        JPanel vExpandPane = new JPanel();
        vExpandPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        vExpandPane.add(vRuller(), BorderLayout.WEST);
        vExpandPane.add(content(), BorderLayout.CENTER);
        vExpandPane.add(vRuller(), BorderLayout.EAST);
        return vExpandPane;
    }

    private JComponent vRuller(){
        Dimension d = new Dimension(FRAME_WIDTH, 0);
        Filler filler = new Filler(d, d, new Dimension(FRAME_WIDTH, Short.MAX_VALUE));
        filler.setBackground(RULLER_COLOR);
        filler.setOpaque(true);
        return filler;
    }

    private JPanel content(){
        JPanel content = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());// GridBagLayout used just to center the content
        content.setBackground(CONTENT_COLOR);
        content.add(new JLabel("Your Content Goes Here"));
        content.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(CONTENT_SIZE,CONTENT_SIZE));
        return content;
    }

    public static void createWindow()   {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Framed content");
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        frame.add(new FramedContent());
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        createWindow();
    }
}

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yiytaume3#

我创建了以下gui。

我为网格的每个元素设置了所有六个gridbagstraints（锚定、填充、gridx、gridy、weightx、weighty）。这样，我可以更容易地跟踪每个元素的值。
下面是我使用的完整的可运行代码。换句话说，一个最小的，可复制的例子。

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

public class GridBagLayoutGUI implements Runnable {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new GridBagLayoutGUI());
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("GridBagLayout GUI");
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        frame.add(createMainPanel(), BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.pack();
        frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    private JPanel createMainPanel() {
        JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
        panel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(300, 300));

        JButton button;

        GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();

        button = new JButton("1");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.NONE;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.FIRST_LINE_START;
        c.weightx = 0.0d;
        c.weighty = 0.0d;
        c.gridx = 0;
        c.gridy = 0;
        panel.add(button, c);

        button = new JButton("2");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.CENTER;
        c.weightx = 1.0d;
        c.weighty = 0.0d;
        c.gridx = 1;
        c.gridy = 0;
        panel.add(button, c);

        button = new JButton("3");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.NONE;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.FIRST_LINE_END;
        c.weightx = 0.0d;
        c.weighty = 0.0d;
        c.gridx = 2;
        c.gridy = 0;
        panel.add(button, c);

        button = new JButton("4");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_START;
        c.weightx = 0.0d;
        c.weighty = 1.0d;
        c.gridx = 0;
        c.gridy = 1;
        panel.add(button, c);

        // Panel
        JPanel innerPanel = new JPanel();
        innerPanel.setBackground(Color.green.darker());
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.CENTER;
        c.weightx = 1.0d;
        c.weighty = 1.0d;
        c.gridx = 1;
        c.gridy = 1;
        panel.add(innerPanel, c);

        button = new JButton("5");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_END;
        c.weightx = 0.0d;
        c.weighty = 1.0d;
        c.gridx = 2;
        c.gridy = 1;
        panel.add(button, c);

        button = new JButton("6");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.NONE;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LAST_LINE_START;
        c.weightx = 0.0d;
        c.weighty = 0.0d;
        c.gridx = 0;
        c.gridy = 2;
        panel.add(button, c);

        button = new JButton("7");

        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.CENTER;
        c.weightx = 1.0d;
        c.weighty = 0.0d;
        c.gridx = 1;
        c.gridy = 2;
        panel.add(button, c);

        button = new JButton("8");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.NONE;
        c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LAST_LINE_END;
        c.weightx = 0.0d;
        c.weighty = 0.0d;
        c.gridx = 2;
        c.gridy = 2;
        panel.add(button, c);

        return panel;
    }

}

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layoutmanager，用于不同大小的组件，无需编码绝对位置

3条答案

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