有一个为对话框构建的很好的api。它将成为官方javafxapi的一部分，但现在您可以使用单独的库：dialogs confirmation dialog可能就是您要找的。

我不知道你想要什么类型的监听器，但我在javafx changelistener上找到了这个http://docs.oracle.com/javafx/2/binding/jfxpub-binding.htm. 这也许能帮你开始

package propertydemo;

import javafx.beans.value.ObservableValue;
import javafx.beans.value.ChangeListener;

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

  Bill electricBill = new Bill();

   electricBill.amountDueProperty().addListener(new ChangeListener(){
    @Override public void changed(ObservableValue o,Object oldVal, 
             Object newVal){
         System.out.println("Electric bill has changed!");
    }
  });

  electricBill.setAmountDue(100.00);

}
}

我会这样做：

public class Question {

    public enum State {UNANSWERED, CORRECT, INCORRECT} 

    private final ReadOnlyObjectWrapper<State> state 
        = new ReadOnlyObjectWrapper<>(State.UNANSWERED);

    public ReadOnlyObjectProperty<State> stateProperty() {
        return state.getReadOnlyProperty() ;
    }

    public final State getState() {
        return stateProperty().get();
    }

    private Button button ;

    public Question() {
        // ...
        button = new Button(...);
        button.setOnAction( event -> {
            if (checkAnswer()) {
               state.set(State.CORRECT);
            } else {
               state.set(State.INCORRECT);
            }
        });
        // etc..

    }

    public void showWindow() {
        // display window with question and controls, etc...
    }
}

那你就可以了

Question question = new Question();
question.stateProperty().addListener((obs, oldState, newState) -> {
    if (state == Question.State.CORRECT) { /* ...*/}
    else if (state == Question.State.INCORRECT) { /* ... */}
});
question.showWindow();