最简单的解决方案是为每个容器提供自己的连接工厂。
您可以添加 ContainerCustomizer 到容器工厂，并使用它更改每个容器的连接工厂。它将在容器创建之后和启动之前被调用。
编辑

@SpringBootApplication
public class So64913992Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(So64913992Application.class, args);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = "foo", concurrency = "5")
    public void listen1(String in) {
        System.out.println(in);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = "bar", concurrency = "5")
    public void listen2(String in) {
        System.out.println(in);
    }

}

@Component
class Customizer {

    Customizer(GenericApplicationContext context, CachingConnectionFactory cf,
            SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory factory) {

        factory.setContainerCustomizer(container -> {
            CachingConnectionFactory newCf = new CachingConnectionFactory(cf.getRabbitConnectionFactory());
            String name = "cf." + container.getQueueNames()[0];
            newCf.setConnectionNameStrategy(c -> name);
            // set any other CCF properties you need
            context.registerBean(name, CachingConnectionFactory.class, () -> newCf);
            context.getBean(name); // initialize
            container.setConnectionFactory(newCf);
        });
    }

}