对于每个与同一问题作斗争的人：我自己刚刚找到了一个解决办法。您需要用相同的对象更新新创建的角色，它就可以工作了。

public void createRole(String name) {
        RoleRepresentation roleRepresentation = new RoleRepresentation();
        Map<String, List<String>> attributes = new HashMap<>();
        attributes.put("att1", Collections.singletonList("attribute1"));
        attributes.put("att2", Collections.singletonList("attribute2"));
        roleRepresentation.setAttributes(attributes);
        roleRepresentation.setClientRole(true);
        roleRepresentation.setName(name);
        realm.clients().get(client.getId()).roles().create(roleRepresentation);

        // Now update the new role immediately
        RoleResource roleResource = realm.clients().get(client.getId()).roles().get(name);
        roleResource.update(roleRepresentation);
    }