我的设置（请参阅插件配置的编辑问题）的最终效果是使用最新版本的azure插件（1.12.0）。看来问题已经解决了。否则，请尝试使用较旧的版本（例如，1.6.0版适用于我，请参阅下面的评论）

javajdk版本就是问题所在。
我有一个exist azure应用程序服务，一个空的spring启动应用程序在本地运行良好，可以从这里下载： git clone https://github.com/spring-guides/gs-spring-boot
以下是pom.xml部署到exist应用程序服务在我这边运行良好。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  
  <parent> 
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>  
    <version>2.3.3.RELEASE</version>  
    <relativePath/>  
    <!-- lookup parent from repository --> 
  </parent>  
  <groupId>com.example</groupId>  
  <artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>  
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>  
  <name>spring-boot</name>  
  <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>  
  <properties> 
    <java.version>1.8</java.version> 
  </properties>  
  <dependencies> 
    <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 
    </dependency>  
    <!-- tag::actuator[] -->  
    <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> 
    </dependency>  
    <!-- end::actuator[] -->  
    <!-- tag::tests[] -->  
    <dependency> 
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>  
      <scope>test</scope>  
      <exclusions> 
        <exclusion> 
          <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>  
          <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId> 
        </exclusion> 
      </exclusions> 
    </dependency>  
    <!-- end::tests[] --> 
  </dependencies>  
  <build> 
    <plugins> 
      <plugin> 
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> 
      </plugin>  
      <plugin> 
        <groupId>com.microsoft.azure</groupId>  
        <artifactId>azure-webapp-maven-plugin</artifactId>  
        <version>1.12.0</version>  
        <configuration> 
          <schemaVersion>v2</schemaVersion>  
          <subscriptionId>xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx</subscriptionId>  
          <resourceGroup>MyRG</resourceGroup>  
          <appName>dorisspring</appName>  
          <pricingTier>B1</pricingTier>  
          <region>centralus</region>  
          <runtime> 
            <os>Windows</os>  
            <javaVersion>Java 8</javaVersion>  
            <webContainer>Java SE</webContainer> 
          </runtime>  
          <deployment> 
            <resources> 
              <resource> 
                <directory>${project.basedir}/target</directory>  
                <includes> 
                  <include>*.jar</include> 
                </includes> 
              </resource> 
            </resources> 
          </deployment> 
        </configuration> 
      </plugin> 
    </plugins> 
  </build> 
</project>

以下是我的命令：

mvn spring-boot:run
mvn clean install #check the "target" folder including jdk created by this command
mvn azure-webapp:config
mvn azure-webapp:deploy

部署成功：

提示：确保java版本匹配。