npe测试kafka生产者

ubbxdtey  于 2021-07-09  发布在  Java
关注(0)|答案(1)|浏览(393)

我已经编写了一个基本的spring引导服务,它通过restapi使用一些数据并将其发布到rabbitmq和kafka。
为了测试处理kafka的服务类,我遵循以下指南:https://www.baeldung.com/spring-boot-kafka-testing
单独来说,测试(kafkamessagingserviceimpltest)在intellij idea和通过命令行上的mvn都能完美地工作。在idea中运行所有项目测试都可以。但是,当我在命令行上通过maven运行所有项目测试时,当尝试对有效负载字符串进行Assert时,这个测试会失败,并出现npe。
我已经将根问题的位置缩小到另一个测试类(apppropertiestest),它只测试我的appproperties组件(这是一个我用来以整洁的方式从application.properties中提取config的组件)。当且仅当该测试类中的测试在项目根目录中使用“mvn clean install”与失败的测试一起运行时,npe才会出现。注解掉这个类中的测试或者用@dirtiescontext注解它可以解决这个问题。显然,这个测试类加载到spring上下文中的某些内容导致了另一个测试中事件/倒计时锁存器的时间/顺序问题。当然,我不想使用@dirtiescontext,因为随着项目复杂性的增加,它会导致生成速度慢得多。它也不能解释问题。。我不能接受:)
apppropertiestest使用构造函数注入来注入appproperties组件。它还扩展了一个抽象类“genericservicetest”,其注解如下:

@SpringBootTest
@TestConstructor(autowireMode = TestConstructor.AutowireMode.ALL)

不包含任何其他内容。您可能知道,springboottest注解构建了一个测试spring上下文,并连接到样板中,以允许对spring应用程序的依赖项注入等进行有效测试,而testconstructor注解允许在我的一些测试中进行构造函数注入。fwiw,我尝试过删除testconstructor注解,并在appproperties类中使用普通的旧自动连线,以查看它是否有影响,但实际上没有。
失败的测试类还扩展了genericservicetest,因为它需要spring上下文注入一些依赖项,比如消费者和正在测试的消息传递服务以及其中的appproperties示例等。
所以我知道问题在哪里,但我不知道问题是什么。即使npe测试失败,我也可以在日志中看到,根据baeldung指南,使用者在失败之前已经成功地使用了消息:

TestKafkaConsumer  : received payload='ConsumerRecord(topic = test-kafka-topic, partition = 0, leaderEpoch = 0, offset = 0, CreateTime = 1618997289238, serialized key size = -1, serialized value size = 43, headers = RecordHeaders(headers = [], isReadOnly = false), key = null, value = This is a test message to be sent to Kafka.)'

然而,当我们回到Assert时,有效负载是空的。我在失败的测试中尝试了thread.sleep()之类的方法来给它更多的时间,我增加了await()超时时间,但是没有乐趣。
我觉得奇怪的是,这些测试在思想上和孤立上都很好。现在它开始让我有点疯狂,我无法调试它,因为这个问题没有出现在我的ide中。
如果有人有任何想法,将不胜感激!
谢谢。
编辑:有人非常合理地建议我添加一些代码,所以这里是:)
失败的测试(在asserttrue(payload.contains(testmessage))失败,因为payload为null)。autowired kafkamessagingservice只需注入appproperties和kakfatemplate的依赖项,并调用kafkatemplate.send():

@EmbeddedKafka(partitions = 1, brokerProperties = { "listeners=PLAINTEXT://localhost:9092", "port=9092" })
class KafkaMessagingServiceImplTest extends GenericServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("kafkaMessagingServiceImpl")
    private IMessagingService messagingService;
    @Autowired
    private TestKafkaConsumer kafkaConsumer;
    @Value("${app.topicName}")
    private String testTopic;

    @Test
    public void testSendAndConsumeKafkaMessage() throws InterruptedException {
        String testMessage = "This is a test message to be sent to Kafka.";
        messagingService.sendMessage(testMessage);
        kafkaConsumer.getLatch().await(2000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        String payload = kafkaConsumer.getPayload();
        assertTrue(payload.contains(testMessage));
    }

testconsumer(用于在上面的测试中使用)

@Component
public class TestKafkaConsumer {
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestKafkaConsumer.class);

    private CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
    private String payload = null;

    @KafkaListener(topics = "${app.topicName}")
    public void receive(ConsumerRecord<?, ?> consumerRecord) {
        LOGGER.info("received payload='{}'", consumerRecord.toString());
        setPayload(consumerRecord.toString());

        latch.countDown();
    }

    public CountDownLatch getLatch() {
        return latch;
    }

    public String getPayload() {
        return payload;
    }

    public void setPayload(String payload) {
        this.payload = payload;
    }

项目相关性:

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.8.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mockito/mockito-all -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
            <version>1.10.19</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.kafka/spring-kafka-test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-kafka-test</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.6.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

AppPropertieTest类(该类的上下文似乎导致了问题)

class AppPropertiesTest extends GenericServiceTest {

    private final AppProperties appProperties;

    public AppPropertiesTest(AppProperties appProperties) {
        this.appProperties = appProperties;
    }

    @Test
    public void testAppPropertiesGetQueueName() {
        String expected = "test-queue";
        String result = appProperties.getRabbitMQQueueName();
        assertEquals(expected, result);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAppPropertiesGetDurableQueue() {
        boolean isDurableQueue = appProperties.isDurableQueue();
        assertTrue(isDurableQueue);
    }
}

apppropertiestest类正在测试的appproperties类:

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties("app")
public class AppProperties {

    // a whole bunch of properties by name that are prefixed by app. in the application.properties file. Nothing else
}

两个测试都扩展的通用服务测试类。

@SpringBootTest
@TestConstructor(autowireMode = TestConstructor.AutowireMode.ALL)
public abstract class GenericServiceTest {

}

故障(您可以在上面的行中看到有效负载已被接收并打印出来)。

2021-04-21 14:15:07.113  INFO 493384 --- [ntainer#0-0-C-1] service.TestKafkaConsumer  : received payload='ConsumerRecord(topic = test-kafka-topic, partition = 0, leaderEpoch = 0, offset = 0, CreateTime = 1619010907076, serialized key size = -1, serialized value size = 43, headers = RecordHeaders(headers = [], isReadOnly = false), key = null, value = This is a test message to be sent to Kafka.)'
[ERROR] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 3.791 s <<< FAILURE! - in 
service.KafkaMessagingServiceImplTest
[ERROR] testSendAndConsumeKafkaMessage  Time elapsed: 2.044 s  <<< ERROR!
java.lang.NullPointerException
    at service.KafkaMessagingServiceImplTest.testSendAndConsumeKafkaMessage(KafkaMessagingServiceImplTest.java:42)
vyu0f0g1

vyu0f0g11#

问题是 TestListener 是一个 @Component 所以它被添加了两次-记录将被添加到另一个示例。
我添加了更多的调试来验证getter是否在不同的示例上调用。

@Component
public class TestKafkaConsumer {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestKafkaConsumer.class);

    private final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
    private String payload = null;

    @KafkaListener(id = "myListener", topics = "${app.kafkaTopicName}")
    public void receive(ConsumerRecord<?, ?> consumerRecord) {
        LOGGER.info("received payload='{}'", consumerRecord.toString());
        setPayload(consumerRecord.toString());

        if (payload != null) {
            LOGGER.info(this + ": payload is not null still");
        }

        latch.countDown();

        if (payload != null) {
            LOGGER.info(this + ": payload is not null after latch countdown");
        }
    }

    public CountDownLatch getLatch() {
        return latch;
    }

    public String getPayload() {
        LOGGER.info(this + ": getting Payload");
        return payload;
    }

    public void setPayload(String payload) {
        this.payload = payload;
    }
}

如果你不想用 @DirtiesContext ,您至少可以在测试完成后停止侦听器容器:

@SpringBootTest
@TestConstructor(autowireMode = TestConstructor.AutowireMode.ALL)
public abstract class GenericDataServiceTest {

    @AfterAll
    static void stopContainers(@Autowired KafkaListenerEndpointRegistry registry) {
        registry.stop();
    }

}
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

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