我发现可以实现自定义反序列化程序来代替使用 @JsonFormat ，使用 DateTimeFormatter :

public class CustomLocalDateDeserializer extends JsonDeserializer<LocalDate> {

    private final static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomLocalDateDeserializer.class);

    @Override
    public LocalDate deserialize(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext context) throws IOException{

        String dateAsString = jsonParser.getText();

        if(dateAsString.isEmpty()) return null;

        DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-M-d");
        LocalDate date = LocalDate.parse(dateAsString, formatter);

        return date;

    }

}

和

public class CustomLocalDateSerializer extends JsonSerializer<LocalDate>{

    @Override
    public void serialize(LocalDate value, JsonGenerator generator, SerializerProvider provider) throws IOException{
        if (value == null) {
            generator.writeNull();
        } else {
            generator.writeString(value.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd")));
        }
    }

}

然后，只需在注解中使用自定义反序列化程序

@JsonDeserialize(using = CustomLocalDateDeserializer.class)
@JsonSerialize(using = CustomLocalDateSerializer.class)
private LocalDate aLocalDate;