可以使用聚合和 having 条款：

select seller_id
from t
group by seller_id
having min(shop_status) = max(shop_status) and min(shop_status) = 'close';

如果你有一个单独的卖家名单，那么 not exists 可能更快：

select s.*
from sellers s
where not exists (select 1
                  from t
                  where t.seller_id = s.seller_id and
                        t.shop_status <> 'close'
                 );

编辑：
如果 shop_status 可以是 NULL 如果要排除这些，则可以使用：

select seller_id
from t
group by seller_id
having min(shop_status) = max(shop_status) and
       min(shop_status) = 'close' and
       count(*) = count(shop_status);

以及：

select s.*
from sellers s
where not exists (select 1
                  from t
                  where t.seller_id = s.seller_id and
                        (t.shop_status <> 'close' or t.shop_status is null)
                 );