可以在中使用子查询 where 子句以筛选到所需的行：

update tblExample
    set value = 14
    where tripID = 2 and
          dates = (select max(e2.dates)
                   from tblExample as e2
                   where e2.tripID = tblExample.tripID
                  );

或者基于 id :

update tblExample
    set value = 14
    where tripID = 2 and
          id = (select top (1) e2.id
                from tblExample as e2
                where e2.tripID = tblExample.tripID
                order by e2.dates desc
               );