可以使用条件聚合：

select name,
       max(case when question = 'Q1' then answer end) as q1,
       max(case when question = 'Q2' then answer end) as q2,
       max(case when question = 'Q3' then answer end) as q3
from t
group by name;

我为你的问题举了个例子=

CREATE table #yourtabl
    ([Name] varchar(10), [Question] varchar(10), [Answer] varchar(10))
;

INSERT INTO #yourtabl
    ([Name]  , [Question], [Answer])
VALUES
    ('Person1', 'Q1', 'A1'),
    ('Person1', 'Q2', 'A2'),
    ('Person1', 'Q3', 'A3'),
    ('Person2', 'Q1', 'A1'),
    ('Person2', 'Q2', 'A2'),
    ('Person2', 'Q3', 'A3')
    ;

SELECT * FROM   
(
    SELECT 
        [Name], 
        [Question],
        [Answer]
    FROM 
        #yourtabl
) t 
PIVOT(
    max([Answer]) 
    FOR [Question] IN (
        [Q1], 
        [Q2], 
        [Q3]
        )
) AS pivot_table;

结果=

Name    Q1  Q2  Q3
Person1 A1  A2  A3
Person2 A1  A2  A3