如果在c10到c22中发现了除p以外的其他字符，则将该其他字符带入结果中。
我想你可以用 max 与 keep 条款如下：

SELECT
    YEAR, MONTHID, MONTH,
    MAX(C10) KEEP(DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY CASE WHEN C10='P' THEN 1 ELSE 2 END) AS C10,
    ...,
    MAX(C22) KEEP(DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY CASE WHEN C22='P' THEN 1 ELSE 2 END) AS C22,
    SUM(LEAVEDAYS) AS LEAVEDAYS
FROM your_table
GROUP BY
    YEAR, MONTHID, MONTH;

或者可以使用条件聚合，如下所示：

SELECT
    YEAR, MONTHID, MONTH,
    COALESCE(MAX(CASE WHEN C10<>'P' THEN C10 END),'P') AS C10,
    ...,
    COALESCE(MAX(CASE WHEN C22<>'P' THEN C22 END),'P') AS C22,
    SUM(LEAVEDAYS) AS LEAVEDAYS
FROM your_table
GROUP BY
    YEAR, MONTHID, MONTH;

按年度和月份汇总，并使用 COALESCE 显示 P 如果给定列没有非 NULL 价值：

SELECT
    YEAR,
    MONTHID,
    MONTH,
    COALESCE(MAX(C10), 'P') AS C10,
    COALESCE(MAX(C11), 'P') AS C11,
    ...,
    COALESCE(MAX(C22), 'P') AS C22,
    SUM(LEAVEDAYS) AS LEAVEDAYS
FROM yourTable
GROUP BY
    YEAR,
    MONTHID,
    MONTH;

我理解的逻辑是，您只需要在每列中指定最小值：

SELECT YEAR, MONTHID, MONTH,
       MIN(C10) AS C10,
       ...,
       MIN(C22) AS C22,
       SUM(LEAVEDAYS) AS LEAVEDAYS
FROM t
GROUP BY YEAR, MONTHID, MONTH;