在consumer中，group.id（consumerconfig.group\u id\u config）config提供负载平衡。发布到主题的每条记录都会传递到每个订阅使用者组中的一个使用者示例。
[组id][1]：
标识此使用者所属的使用者组的唯一字符串。如果使用者使用subscribe（主题）的组管理功能或基于kafka的偏移管理策略，则需要此属性。

import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
    import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.kafka.config.ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory;
    import org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory;
    import org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.ErrorHandlingDeserializer;
    import org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.JsonDeserializer;

    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;

    @Configuration
    public class KafkaConsumerConfiguration {

        private Map<String, Object> consumerConfigs() {
            final Map<String, Object> props = new HashMap<>();
            props.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "your brokers");
            props.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "consumeer-group-id");
            return props;
        }

        @Bean
        public ConsumerFactory<String, YourClass> kafkaListenerConsumerFactory() {
            final ErrorHandlingDeserializer<YourClass> errorHandlingDeserializer = new ErrorHandlingDeserializer<>(new JsonDeserializer<>(YourClass.class, false));
            return new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(this.consumerConfigs(), new StringDeserializer(), errorHandlingDeserializer);
        }

        @Bean
        public ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<String, YourClass> kafkaListenerContainerFactory() {
            final ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<String, YourClass> factory = new ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<>();
            factory.setConsumerFactory(this.kafkaListenerConsumerFactory());
            return factory;
        }

    }

  [1]: https://kafka.apache.org/documentation/#consumerconfigs_group.id