举个例子：
我的测试表，它将保存输入数据：

SQL> desc test
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- -------------------
 ID                                                 NUMBER
 DATUM                                              DATE

SQL>

控制文件；笔记 to_date 函数调用（双引号，正确的日期格式掩码，它必须与正在加载的数据格式相匹配）
第3行，格式为“无效”

load data 
infile *
replace
into table test
fields terminated by ','
trailing nullcols
( 
id,
datum "to_date(:datum, 'yyyy-dd-mm')"
)

begindata
1,2020-20-05
2,2020-28-12
3,20200215

加载会话：

SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'dd.mm.yyyy';

Session altered.

SQL> $sqlldr scott/tiger control=test20.ctl log=test20.log

SQL*Loader: Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on Sri Svi 20 08:10:53 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Commit point reached - logical record count 2
Commit point reached - logical record count 3

SQL> select * From test;

        ID DATUM
---------- ----------
         1 20.05.2020
         2 28.12.2020

SQL>

如您所见，第3行未加载。日志文件内容。注意 ORA-01861 错误：

Table TEST, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this table: REPLACE
TRAILING NULLCOLS option in effect

   Column Name                  Position   Len  Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
ID                                  FIRST     *   ,       CHARACTER            
DATUM                                NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
    SQL string for column : "to_date(:datum, 'yyyy-dd-mm')"

Record 3: Rejected - Error on table TEST, column DATUM.
ORA-01861: literal does not match format string

Table TEST:
  2 Rows successfully loaded.
  1 Row not loaded due to data errors.
  0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
  0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.

所以：确保所有输入数据遵循相同的格式掩码。