javascript—为什么在我使用for of循环修改innertext时,span元素的innertext没有更改?

nkhmeac6  于 2021-09-23  发布在  Java
关注(0)|答案(3)|浏览(456)
const colors = ["green", "red", "rgba(133,122,200)", "#f15025"];
const colorIdentifier = document.querySelector('.color');
const button = document.getElementById('btn');

for (let color of colors) {
  loopButton();
}

function loopButton() {
  button.addEventListener('click', function() {
    colorIdentifier.innerText = color;
  })
};
/* * {
  border: 5px solid purple;
} */

/*
=============== 
Fonts
===============

* /

@import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans|Roboto:400,700&display=swap");

/*
=============== 
Variables
===============

* /

:root {
  /* dark shades of primary color*/
  --clr-primary-1: hsl(205, 86%, 17%);
  --clr-primary-2: hsl(205, 77%, 27%);
  --clr-primary-3: hsl(205, 72%, 37%);
  --clr-primary-4: hsl(205, 63%, 48%);
  /* primary/main color */
  --clr-primary-5: hsl(205, 78%, 60%);
  /* lighter shades of primary color */
  --clr-primary-6: hsl(205, 89%, 70%);
  --clr-primary-7: hsl(205, 90%, 76%);
  --clr-primary-8: hsl(205, 86%, 81%);
  --clr-primary-9: hsl(205, 90%, 88%);
  --clr-primary-10: hsl(205, 100%, 96%);
  /* darkest grey - used for headings */
  --clr-grey-1: hsl(209, 61%, 16%);
  --clr-grey-2: hsl(211, 39%, 23%);
  --clr-grey-3: hsl(209, 34%, 30%);
  --clr-grey-4: hsl(209, 28%, 39%);
  /* grey used for paragraphs */
  --clr-grey-5: hsl(210, 22%, 49%);
  --clr-grey-6: hsl(209, 23%, 60%);
  --clr-grey-7: hsl(211, 27%, 70%);
  --clr-grey-8: hsl(210, 31%, 80%);
  --clr-grey-9: hsl(212, 33%, 89%);
  --clr-grey-10: hsl(210, 36%, 96%);
  --clr-white: #fff;
  --clr-red-dark: hsl(360, 67%, 44%);
  --clr-red-light: hsl(360, 71%, 66%);
  --clr-green-dark: hsl(125, 67%, 44%);
  --clr-green-light: hsl(125, 71%, 66%);
  --clr-black: #222;
  --ff-primary: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  --ff-secondary: "Open Sans", sans-serif;
  --transition: all 0.3s linear;
  --spacing: 0.1rem;
  --radius: 0.25rem;
  --light-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  --dark-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  --max-width: 1170px;
  --fixed-width: 620px;
}

/*
=============== 
Global Styles
===============

* /

* ,

::after,
::before {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  font-family: var(--ff-secondary);
  background: var(--clr-grey-10);
  color: var(--clr-grey-1);
  line-height: 1.5;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
}

ul {
  list-style-type: none;
}

a {
  text-decoration: none;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4 {
  letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
  text-transform: capitalize;
  line-height: 1.25;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  font-family: var(--ff-primary);
}

h1 {
  font-size: 3rem;
}

h2 {
  font-size: 2rem;
}

h3 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

h4 {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
}

p {
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  color: var(--clr-grey-5);
}

@media screen and (min-width: 800px) {
  h1 {
    font-size: 4rem;
  }
  h2 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
  }
  h3 {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
  }
  h4 {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  body {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  h1,
  h2,
  h3,
  h4 {
    line-height: 1;
  }
}

/*  global classes */

/* section */

.section {
  padding: 5rem 0;
}

.section-center {
  width: 90vw;
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 1170px;
}

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) {
  .section-center {
    width: 95vw;
  }
}

main {
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
}

/*
=============== 
Nav
===============

* /

nav {
  background: var(--clr-white);
  height: 3rem;
  display: grid;
  align-items: center;
  box-shadow: var(--dark-shadow);
}

.nav-center {
  width: 90vw;
  max-width: var(--fixed-width);
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.nav-center h4 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--clr-primary-5);
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
}

nav a {
  text-transform: capitalize;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--clr-primary-1);
  letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
  margin-right: 1rem;
}

nav a:hover {
  color: var(--clr-primary-5);
}

/*
=============== 
Container
===============

* /

main {
  min-height: calc(100vh - 3rem);
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
}

.container {
  text-align: center;
}

.container h2 {
  background: var(--clr-black);
  color: var(--clr-white);
  padding: 1rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.color {
  color: var(--clr-primary-5);
}

.btn-hero {
  font-family: var(--ff-primary);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--clr-black);
  letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
  display: inline-block;
  font-weight: 700;
  transition: var(--transition);
  border: 2px solid var(--clr-black);
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-size: 1rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
}

.btn-hero:hover {
  color: var(--clr-white);
  background: var(--clr-black);
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
  <title>Color Flipper || Simple</title>

  <!-- styles -->
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css" />
</head>

<body>
  <nav>
    <div class="nav-center">
      <h4>Color Flipper</h4>
      <ul class="nav-links">
        <li><a href="index.html">simple</a></li>
        <li><a href="hex.html">hex</a></li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </nav>

  <main>
    <div class="container">
      <h2>background color: <span class="color">#000</span></h2>
      <button class="btn btn-hero" id="btn">click me</button>
    </div>
  </main>
  <!-- javascript -->
  <script src="app.js"></script>
</body>

</html>

我想修改html的内部文本 span 元素。并且内部文本显示不同颜色的 colors 后按顺序排列 button 元素被单击。

<h2>background color: <span class="color">#000</span></h2>

我使用了循环的方法。

for(let color of colors) {
  loopButton();
}

function loopButton() { button.addEventListener('click', function() {
  colorIdentifier.innerText = color;
}
)};

我想知道,为什么会说“虽然我使用了snippet,但我的帖子看起来大部分都是代码?”。我认为如果我在代码片段中发布大量代码,会很有用,因为人们可以看到完整的代码。

uhry853o

uhry853o1#

因为颜色是在另一个函数上定义的,所以您不能访问它,因为let和const是块链变量-它们可以是acces

const colors = ["green", "red", "rgba(133,122,200)", "#f15025"];
const colorIdentifier = document.querySelector('.color');
const button = document.getElementById('btn');

let i = 0;

function previewColors() {
  colorIdentifier.innerHTML = colors[i]; // Change innerHTML text
  colorIdentifier.style.color = colors[i]; // Change innerHTML color
  i++;
  if( i < colors.length){
  window.setTimeout(previewColors, 1000); // Access array after 1 sec if i < color.length - LOOPS over the array in recursive way- .
  }
}

button.addEventListener('click', previewColors);
/* * {
  border: 5px solid purple;
} */

/*
=============== 
Fonts
===============

* /

@import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans|Roboto:400,700&display=swap");

/*
=============== 
Variables
===============

* /

:root {
  /* dark shades of primary color*/
  --clr-primary-1: hsl(205, 86%, 17%);
  --clr-primary-2: hsl(205, 77%, 27%);
  --clr-primary-3: hsl(205, 72%, 37%);
  --clr-primary-4: hsl(205, 63%, 48%);
  /* primary/main color */
  --clr-primary-5: hsl(205, 78%, 60%);
  /* lighter shades of primary color */
  --clr-primary-6: hsl(205, 89%, 70%);
  --clr-primary-7: hsl(205, 90%, 76%);
  --clr-primary-8: hsl(205, 86%, 81%);
  --clr-primary-9: hsl(205, 90%, 88%);
  --clr-primary-10: hsl(205, 100%, 96%);
  /* darkest grey - used for headings */
  --clr-grey-1: hsl(209, 61%, 16%);
  --clr-grey-2: hsl(211, 39%, 23%);
  --clr-grey-3: hsl(209, 34%, 30%);
  --clr-grey-4: hsl(209, 28%, 39%);
  /* grey used for paragraphs */
  --clr-grey-5: hsl(210, 22%, 49%);
  --clr-grey-6: hsl(209, 23%, 60%);
  --clr-grey-7: hsl(211, 27%, 70%);
  --clr-grey-8: hsl(210, 31%, 80%);
  --clr-grey-9: hsl(212, 33%, 89%);
  --clr-grey-10: hsl(210, 36%, 96%);
  --clr-white: #fff;
  --clr-red-dark: hsl(360, 67%, 44%);
  --clr-red-light: hsl(360, 71%, 66%);
  --clr-green-dark: hsl(125, 67%, 44%);
  --clr-green-light: hsl(125, 71%, 66%);
  --clr-black: #222;
  --ff-primary: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  --ff-secondary: "Open Sans", sans-serif;
  --transition: all 0.3s linear;
  --spacing: 0.1rem;
  --radius: 0.25rem;
  --light-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  --dark-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  --max-width: 1170px;
  --fixed-width: 620px;
}

/*
=============== 
Global Styles
===============

* /

* ,

::after,
::before {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  font-family: var(--ff-secondary);
  background: var(--clr-grey-10);
  color: var(--clr-grey-1);
  line-height: 1.5;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
}

ul {
  list-style-type: none;
}

a {
  text-decoration: none;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4 {
  letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
  text-transform: capitalize;
  line-height: 1.25;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  font-family: var(--ff-primary);
}

h1 {
  font-size: 3rem;
}

h2 {
  font-size: 2rem;
}

h3 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

h4 {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
}

p {
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  color: var(--clr-grey-5);
}

@media screen and (min-width: 800px) {
  h1 {
    font-size: 4rem;
  }
  h2 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
  }
  h3 {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
  }
  h4 {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  body {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  h1,
  h2,
  h3,
  h4 {
    line-height: 1;
  }
}

/*  global classes */

/* section */

.section {
  padding: 5rem 0;
}

.section-center {
  width: 90vw;
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 1170px;
}

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) {
  .section-center {
    width: 95vw;
  }
}

main {
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
}

/*
=============== 
Nav
===============

* /

nav {
  background: var(--clr-white);
  height: 3rem;
  display: grid;
  align-items: center;
  box-shadow: var(--dark-shadow);
}

.nav-center {
  width: 90vw;
  max-width: var(--fixed-width);
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.nav-center h4 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--clr-primary-5);
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
}

nav a {
  text-transform: capitalize;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--clr-primary-1);
  letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
  margin-right: 1rem;
}

nav a:hover {
  color: var(--clr-primary-5);
}

/*
=============== 
Container
===============

* /

main {
  min-height: calc(100vh - 3rem);
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
}

.container {
  text-align: center;
}

.container h2 {
  background: var(--clr-black);
  color: var(--clr-white);
  padding: 1rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.color {
  color: var(--clr-primary-5);
}

.btn-hero {
  font-family: var(--ff-primary);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--clr-black);
  letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
  display: inline-block;
  font-weight: 700;
  transition: var(--transition);
  border: 2px solid var(--clr-black);
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-size: 1rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
}

.btn-hero:hover {
  color: var(--clr-white);
  background: var(--clr-black);
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
  <title>Color Flipper || Simple</title>

  <!-- styles -->
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css" />
</head>

<body>
  <nav>
    <div class="nav-center">
      <h4>Color Flipper</h4>
      <ul class="nav-links">
        <li><a href="index.html">simple</a></li>
        <li><a href="hex.html">hex</a></li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </nav>

  <main>
    <div class="container">
      <h2>background color: <span class="color">#000</span></h2>
      <button class="btn btn-hero" id="btn">click me</button>
    </div>
  </main>
  <!-- javascript -->
  <script src="app.js"></script>
</body>

</html>
jv4diomz

jv4diomz2#

首先,你得到 Uncaught reference 错误,因为事件侦听器函数是在您添加它的函数上下文之外执行的,因此它没有访问变量的权限。一个简单的解决方法是将其传递:

for (const color of colors) {
    loopButton(color);
}

至于颜色的实际循环,您将向同一个颜色添加多个回调 click 事件和元素,所以您实际上是在覆盖它们。有几种方法可以实现您想要的,但我建议在代码中保留一个计数器,并在每次按下按钮时递增它。这就使得 color 每次调用回调时,变量都有不同的值。比如:

let counter = 0;
function callBack() {
    const idx = counter % (colors.length);
    colorIdentifier.innerText = colors[idx];
    colorIdentifier.style.color = colors[idx];
    counter++;
}
button.addEventListener('click', callBack);

您将在下面找到现在的功能片段。希望我已经把事情说清楚了。:)

const colors = ["green", "red", "rgba(133,122,200)", "#f15025"];
const colorIdentifier = document.querySelector('.color');
const button = document.getElementById('btn');

let counter = 0;
function callBack() {
    const idx = counter % (colors.length);
    colorIdentifier.innerText = colors[idx];
    colorIdentifier.style.color = colors[idx];
    counter++;
}
button.addEventListener('click', callBack);
/* * {
  border: 5px solid purple;
} */

/*
=============== 
Fonts
===============

* /

@import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans|Roboto:400,700&display=swap");

/*
=============== 
Variables
===============

* /

:root {
  /* dark shades of primary color*/
  --clr-primary-1: hsl(205, 86%, 17%);
  --clr-primary-2: hsl(205, 77%, 27%);
  --clr-primary-3: hsl(205, 72%, 37%);
  --clr-primary-4: hsl(205, 63%, 48%);
  /* primary/main color */
  --clr-primary-5: hsl(205, 78%, 60%);
  /* lighter shades of primary color */
  --clr-primary-6: hsl(205, 89%, 70%);
  --clr-primary-7: hsl(205, 90%, 76%);
  --clr-primary-8: hsl(205, 86%, 81%);
  --clr-primary-9: hsl(205, 90%, 88%);
  --clr-primary-10: hsl(205, 100%, 96%);
  /* darkest grey - used for headings */
  --clr-grey-1: hsl(209, 61%, 16%);
  --clr-grey-2: hsl(211, 39%, 23%);
  --clr-grey-3: hsl(209, 34%, 30%);
  --clr-grey-4: hsl(209, 28%, 39%);
  /* grey used for paragraphs */
  --clr-grey-5: hsl(210, 22%, 49%);
  --clr-grey-6: hsl(209, 23%, 60%);
  --clr-grey-7: hsl(211, 27%, 70%);
  --clr-grey-8: hsl(210, 31%, 80%);
  --clr-grey-9: hsl(212, 33%, 89%);
  --clr-grey-10: hsl(210, 36%, 96%);
  --clr-white: #fff;
  --clr-red-dark: hsl(360, 67%, 44%);
  --clr-red-light: hsl(360, 71%, 66%);
  --clr-green-dark: hsl(125, 67%, 44%);
  --clr-green-light: hsl(125, 71%, 66%);
  --clr-black: #222;
  --ff-primary: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  --ff-secondary: "Open Sans", sans-serif;
  --transition: all 0.3s linear;
  --spacing: 0.1rem;
  --radius: 0.25rem;
  --light-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  --dark-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  --max-width: 1170px;
  --fixed-width: 620px;
}

/*
=============== 
Global Styles
===============

* /

* ,

::after,
::before {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  font-family: var(--ff-secondary);
  background: var(--clr-grey-10);
  color: var(--clr-grey-1);
  line-height: 1.5;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
}

ul {
  list-style-type: none;
}

a {
  text-decoration: none;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4 {
  letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
  text-transform: capitalize;
  line-height: 1.25;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  font-family: var(--ff-primary);
}

h1 {
  font-size: 3rem;
}

h2 {
  font-size: 2rem;
}

h3 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

h4 {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
}

p {
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  color: var(--clr-grey-5);
}

@media screen and (min-width: 800px) {
  h1 {
    font-size: 4rem;
  }
  h2 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
  }
  h3 {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
  }
  h4 {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  body {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  h1,
  h2,
  h3,
  h4 {
    line-height: 1;
  }
}

/*  global classes */

/* section */

.section {
  padding: 5rem 0;
}

.section-center {
  width: 90vw;
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 1170px;
}

@media screen and (min-width: 992px) {
  .section-center {
    width: 95vw;
  }
}

main {
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
}

/*
=============== 
Nav
===============

* /

nav {
  background: var(--clr-white);
  height: 3rem;
  display: grid;
  align-items: center;
  box-shadow: var(--dark-shadow);
}

.nav-center {
  width: 90vw;
  max-width: var(--fixed-width);
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.nav-center h4 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--clr-primary-5);
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
}

nav a {
  text-transform: capitalize;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--clr-primary-1);
  letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
  margin-right: 1rem;
}

nav a:hover {
  color: var(--clr-primary-5);
}

/*
=============== 
Container
===============

* /

main {
  min-height: calc(100vh - 3rem);
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
}

.container {
  text-align: center;
}

.container h2 {
  background: var(--clr-black);
  color: var(--clr-white);
  padding: 1rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.color {
  color: var(--clr-primary-5);
}

.btn-hero {
  font-family: var(--ff-primary);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--clr-black);
  letter-spacing: var(--spacing);
  display: inline-block;
  font-weight: 700;
  transition: var(--transition);
  border: 2px solid var(--clr-black);
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-size: 1rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
}

.btn-hero:hover {
  color: var(--clr-white);
  background: var(--clr-black);
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
  <title>Color Flipper || Simple</title>

  <!-- styles -->
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css" />
</head>

<body>
  <nav>
    <div class="nav-center">
      <h4>Color Flipper</h4>
      <ul class="nav-links">
        <li><a href="index.html">simple</a></li>
        <li><a href="hex.html">hex</a></li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </nav>

  <main>
    <div class="container">
      <h2>background color: <span class="color">#000</span></h2>
      <button class="btn btn-hero" id="btn">click me</button>
    </div>
  </main>
  <!-- javascript -->
  <script src="app.js"></script>
</body>

</html>
gcxthw6b

gcxthw6b3#

好的,你要做的是点击按钮来显示数组中的下一种颜色吗?如果是这样,那么这就是javascript

const colors = ["green", "red", "rgba(133,122,200)", "#f15025"]
const colorIdentifier = document.querySelector(".color")
const button = document.getElementById("btn")

// global index for so we can iterate array 1 by 1
let index = 0

// button on click event listener
button.addEventListener("click", () => {
    // set the text of colorIdentifier to colors and use the index of how many times we clicked the button
    colorIdentifier.textContent = colors[index]

    // iterate the button for on each click this is shorthand for index = index + 1
    index++

    // check to see if the index is bigger then the length and resets it back to 0
    if (index >= colors.length) index = 0
})

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