尝试从数据库检索数据时出现noinitialcontextexceptionheroku java web应用程序

kse8i1jr  于 2021-10-10  发布在  Java
关注(0)|答案(2)|浏览(387)

我是一个通常通过自己研究和尝试来解决问题的人（这就是为什么我这里没有问题）。然而，我已经浪费了好几天的时间试图弄明白这一点，我别无选择。我希望你们能帮助我。我试图让我的java/maven/hibernate/jpa/tomcat web应用程序在一个免费的heroku帐户上工作。我能够成功部署并向heroku postgres数据库发送一些数据。在本地服务器（tomcat/intellij）上运行的同一应用程序可以成功连接heroku数据库并从中检索数据。但是，部署的heroku应用程序不能与heroku数据库一起工作。应用程序运行正常，但当它试图从数据库检索数据时，我遇到了错误。
我在这里搜索了与此错误和下面堆栈中其他错误相关的解决方案，包括已经建议的解决方案：noinitialcontextexception错误的含义。似乎没有一个适合我的情况。上面的链接提到使用properties对象，但正如我所提到的，它在本地运行良好，我以前从未使用过这样的对象。如果您认为这可能是一个解决方案，您能否提供更多关于如何在我的环境中实现它的详细信息？
我没有procfile设置，正在使用以下heroku命令部署应用程序：

heroku war:deploy target/appname.war --app appname

这是我得到的错误堆栈（来自启用调试日志的heroku日志）：

2021-07-18T19:27:42.218347+00:00 app[web.1]: SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet [AdminServlet] in context with path [] threw exception [Servlet execution threw an exception] with root cause
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218348+00:00 app[web.1]: javax.naming.NoInitialContextException: Need to specify class name in environment or system property, or as an applet parameter, or in an application resource file:  java.naming.factory.initial
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218349+00:00 app[web.1]:    at javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getInitialContext(NamingManager.java:673)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218349+00:00 app[web.1]:    at javax.naming.InitialContext.getDefaultInitCtx(InitialContext.java:313)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218350+00:00 app[web.1]:    at javax.naming.InitialContext.getURLOrDefaultInitCtx(InitialContext.java:350)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218350+00:00 app[web.1]:    at javax.naming.InitialContext.getNameParser(InitialContext.java:505)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218358+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.engine.jndi.internal.JndiServiceImpl.parseName(JndiServiceImpl.java:118)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218358+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.engine.jndi.internal.JndiServiceImpl.locate(JndiServiceImpl.java:95)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218359+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DatasourceConnectionProviderImpl.configure(DatasourceConnectionProviderImpl.java:98)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218363+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.configureService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:107)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218363+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:246)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218365+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:214)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218366+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.buildJdbcConnectionAccess(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:145)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218366+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.initiateService(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:66)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218366+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.initiateService(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:35)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218366+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.initiateService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:101)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218367+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:263)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218367+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:237)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218367+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:214)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218368+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.id.factory.internal.DefaultIdentifierGeneratorFactory.injectServices(DefaultIdentifierGeneratorFactory.java:152)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218368+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.injectDependencies(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:286)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218369+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:243)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218369+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:214)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218369+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.<init>(InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java:176)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218370+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.complete(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:127)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218370+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.metadata(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:1224)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218370+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:1255)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218370+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider.createEntityManagerFactory(HibernatePersistenceProvider.java:56)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218371+00:00 app[web.1]:    at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:79)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218371+00:00 app[web.1]:    at javax.persistence.Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Persistence.java:54)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218376+00:00 app[web.1]:    at dataaccess.HibernateUtil.<clinit>(HibernateUtil.java:12)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218376+00:00 app[web.1]:    at dataaccess.CityDB.getAllCities(CityDB.java:37)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218376+00:00 app[web.1]:    at servlets.AdminServlet.doGet(AdminServlet.java:61)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218377+00:00 app[web.1]:    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:634)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218377+00:00 app[web.1]:    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:741)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218378+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218378+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218378+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218386+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218387+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218387+00:00 app[web.1]:    at filters.AdminFilter.doFilter(AdminFilter.java:35)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218387+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218388+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218388+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:202)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218388+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218389+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:541)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218389+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:139)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218389+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218389+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218390+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:343)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218390+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:367)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218391+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218391+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:860)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218391+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1598)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218391+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218392+00:00 app[web.1]:    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218392+00:00 app[web.1]:    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218392+00:00 app[web.1]:    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
2021-07-18T19:27:42.218393+00:00 app[web.1]:    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

当应用程序中的任何类调用hibernateutil类中的entitymanagerfactory方法时，就会发生错误。这是正在调用的代码：

public class HibernateUtil {
    private static final EntityManagerFactory emf =
            Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("AbsPu");

    public static EntityManagerFactory getEmFactory() {
        return emf;
    }
}

这就是我的webapp/meta inf/context.xml的样子（我删除了sensisitve数据）。在这里，我还尝试使用heroku中的database_url系统变量，而不是硬编码url，但我不知道如何使其工作。但它是这样工作的：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Context path="/">
    <Resource name="jdbc/postgres" auth="Container"
              type="javax.sql.DataSource"
              driverClassName="org.postgresql.Driver"
              url="jdbc:postgresql://ec2-52-2-118-38.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5432/...?sslmode=require"
              username="..." password="..."
              maxActive="100" maxIdle="30" maxWait="10000"
              logAbandoned="true" removeAbandoned="true"
              removeAbandonedTimeout="60" />
</Context>

这就是我的参考资料/meta-inf/perssence.xml的样子。同样，我刚刚删除了敏感数据（类名）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_2.xsd"
             version="2.2">
  <persistence-unit name="AbsPu">
    <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
    <non-jta-data-source>java:/comp/env/jdbc/postgres</non-jta-data-source>
    <class>...</class>
    ...
    <class>...</class>
    <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>
  </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

最后，我的pom.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>...</groupId>
  <artifactId>...</artifactId>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>...</name>
  <URL>...</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.1</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
      <version>5.4.30.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
      <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
      <version>42.2.20</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>...</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
          <plugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
              <configuration>
                  <source>8</source>
                  <target>8</target>
              </configuration>
          </plugin>
      </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

我提供了尽可能多的细节。如果您需要更多详细信息，请告诉我！

JavaxmlHibernateherokutomcat

2条答案

按热度按时间
ltskdhd1

ltskdhd11#

对于同一个例外，您是否尝试过相关问题中的方法？这是其中之一。我注意到maven编译器的java版本在属性和实际插件中不匹配。
在这里：

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

在这里：

<plugin>
     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
     <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
     <configuration>
          <source>8</source>
          <target>8</target>
     </configuration>
 </plugin>

根据文档，heroku目前默认为1.8

赞(0）分享  回复(0）举报  2021-10-10
cs7cruho

cs7cruho2#

终于解决了。以下是我为解决问题所做的步骤：
通过在初始化中添加“-enable naming”来启用jndi命名： heroku config:set WEBAPP_RUNNER_OPTS="--enable-naming" --app appname . 添加此项后，我开始出现另一个错误： java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.tomcat.dbcp.dbcp2.BasicDataSourceFactory 根据新错误，我在my context.xml中指定了资源工厂： factory="org.apache.tomcat.dbcp.dbcp2.BasicDataSourceFactory" 最后，在pom.xml中添加了一个新的依赖项：

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
      <artifactId>tomcat-dbcp</artifactId>
      <version>10.1.0-M2</version>
</dependency>

最后两个步骤来自这个问题：springboot jndi数据源抛出java.lang.classnotfoundexception:org.apache.tomcat.dbcp.dbcp2.basicdatasourcefactory
我相信intellij在默认情况下可以与jndi命名配合使用，并且为tomcat提供了一个嵌入式数据库连接池api。这可能就是为什么它在本地运行良好，而不是在heroku上。

赞(0）分享  回复(0）举报  2021-10-10
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