这可以完成工作：

def lottery(amount, win_lose):
    print(f'You spent {amount} on a lottery ticket.')
    if win_lose =="win":
        print(f'You won ${amount * 1000}!!!')
    if win_lose =="lose":
        print(f"Sorry, you spent {amount} and didn't win anything.")

# Example

win_lose = 'win'
lottery(100, win_lose)

你知道你可以把函数对象赋给变量，对吗？您只需执行win_lose = win（无引号），代码就会正常工作。如果需要一个包含函数名称的字符串，可以使用其__name__属性：如果该函数是传入回调函数，print(callback.__name__)将打印“win”。
否则，如果两个函数都在同一个模块上，您可以使用globals()返回的字典从其名称中检索functin对象-这正是您所要求的-我只是不确定这是否真的是您所需要的：

def lottery(amount, callback_name=None):
    callback = globals().get(callback_name)
    print(f'You spent {amount} on a lottery ticket.')
    if callback:
        callback(amount)

def win(amount):
    print(f'You won ${amount * 1000}!!!')

def lose(amount):
    print(f"Sorry, you spent {amount} and didn't win anything.")

一个适合我的解决方案是创建一个空的“win_lose（）”函数，并将函数外部的“global（）[]”字典分配给“win_loce”，如下所示。

def lottery(amount, callback=None):
    print(f'You spent {amount} on a lottery ticket.')
    if callback:
        callback(amount)

def win_lose(amount): pass

def win(amount):
    print(f'You won ${amount * 1000}!!!')

def lose(amount):
    print(f"Sorry, you spent {amount} and didn't win anything.")

检查每个功能的内存地址：

print(f'id(win_lose): {id(win_lose)}, id(win): {id(win)}, id(lose): {id(lose)}')

id（win_lose）：1668264920544，id（win）：1668164920832，id（lose）:1668264921696

win_lose = globals()['lose']
print(f'id(win_lose): {id(win_lose)}')

id（win_lose）：1668264921696

lottery(100, win_lose)

你买彩票花了100英镑。对不起，你花了100英镑，没有赢得任何东西。

win_lose = globals()['win']
print(f'id(win_lose): {id(win_lose)}')

id（win_lose）：1668264920832

lottery(100, win_lose)

你买彩票花了100英镑。你赢了10万美元！！！
这种方法有哪些缺陷？