php 在laravel 9中创建从一个表到另一个表的外键时出现问题

iyr7buue  于 2022-10-30  发布在  PHP
关注(0)|答案(1)|浏览(141)

我正在Laravel做一个项目,每当我尝试迁移项目时,我都会遇到这个问题:

SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1005 Can't create table `invoices`.`invoice_attachments` (errno: 150 "Foreign key constraint is incorrectly formed") (SQL: alter table `invoice_attach
ments` add constraint `invoice_attachments_invoice_id_foreign` foreign key (`invoice_id`) references `invoices` (`id`) on delete cascade)

  at E:\Laravel\invoices\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:759
    755▕         // If an exception occurs when attempting to run a query, we'll format the error
    756▕         // message to include the bindings with SQL, which will make this exception a
    757▕         // lot more helpful to the developer instead of just the database's errors.
    758▕         catch (Exception $e) {
  ➜ 759▕             throw new QueryException(
    760▕                 $query, $this->prepareBindings($bindings), $e
    761▕             );

  1   E:\Laravel\invoices\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:544
      PDOException::("SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1005 Can't create table `invoices`.`invoice_attachments` (errno: 150 "Foreign key constraint is incorrectly formed")")

  2   E:\Laravel\invoices\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:544
      PDOStatement::execute()

我的目标是创建一个名为invoice_attachments的表,它有一个invoice_id将其连接到invoices表。下面是invoices表的代码:

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        if(!Schema::hasTable('invoices')) {
            Schema::create('invoices', function (Blueprint $table) {

                $table->id();
                $table->string('invoice_number', 50);
                $table->date('invoice_Date')->nullable();
                $table->date('Due_date')->nullable();
                $table->string('product', 50);
                $table->bigInteger('section_id')->unsigned();
                $table->foreign('section_id')->references('id')->on('sections')->onDelete('cascade');
                $table->decimal('Amount_collection', 8, 2)->nullable();;
                $table->decimal('Amount_Commission', 8, 2);
                $table->decimal('Discount', 8, 2);
                $table->decimal('Value_VAT', 8, 2);
                $table->string('Rate_VAT', 999);
                $table->decimal('Total', 8, 2);
                $table->string('Status', 50);
                $table->integer('Value_Status');
                $table->text('note')->nullable();
                $table->date('Payment_Date')->nullable();
                $table->softDeletes();
                $table->timestamps();
            });
        }
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('invoices');
    }
};

下面是invoice_attachments表的代码:

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        if (!Schema::hasTable('invoice_attachments')) {
            Schema::create('invoice_attachments', function (Blueprint $table) {
                $table->id();
                $table->string('file_name', 999);
                $table->string('invoice_number', 50);
                $table->string('Created_by', 999);
                $table->unsignedBigInteger('invoice_id')->unsigned();
                //$table->foreign('invoice_id')->references('id')->on('sections')->onDelete('cascade');
                $table->foreign('invoice_id')->references('id')->on('invoices')->onDelete('cascade');
                $table->timestamps();
            });
        }
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('invoice_attachments');
    }
};

下面是项目中迁移文件的顺序:

我已尝试将发票中的ID类型更改为bigIncrement,但未成功

4ngedf3f

4ngedf3f1#

在发票表中,您将使用以下内容创建ID列:

$table->id();

这将(我相信是从Laravel 8开始)创建一个BIGINT长度为20、无符号、不可空且为主键的列。
要在另一个表上创建列并将其引用为外键,最简单的方法是在“invoice_attachments”迁移中执行以下操作:

$table->foreignId('invoice_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnUpdate()->cascadeOnDelete();

这将自动创建列和外键-它将在表“invoices”中查找列“id”-如果其中任何一个不正确,则可以使用以下命令指定:

$table->foreignId('invoice_id')->references('column')->on('table')->constrained()->cascadeOnUpdate()->cascadeOnDelete();

尽管如此,您的代码在Laravel 9上对我来说是有效的。可能是您使用的是早期版本,其中(从内存中)$table-〉id()创建了一个12位整数,而不是20位整数,因此使用'unsignedBigInteger'失败。
我会修改您的发票迁移,以专门创建一个20位数的大栏ID,并重新运行。

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