最早的两个答案对我不起作用。然而，这个答案起了作用：

const FormData = require('form-data'); // npm install --save form-data

const form = new FormData();
form.append('file', fs.createReadStream(file.path));

const request_config = {
  headers: {
    'Authorization': `Bearer ${access_token}`,
    ...form.getHeaders()
  }
};

return axios.post(url, form, request_config);

form.getHeaders()返回一个具有内容类型和边界的对象。
例如：

{ "content-type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=-------------------0123456789" }

我认为createReadStream是你的问题，因为它是异步的。试试这个。因为createReadStream扩展了事件发射器，我们可以“监听”它何时完成/结束。

var newFile = fs.createReadStream(file.path);

// personally I'd function out the inner body here and just call 
// to the function and pass in the newFile
newFile.on('end', function() {
  const form_data = new FormData();
  form_data.append("file", newFile, "filename.ext");
  const request_config = {
    method: "post",
    url: url,
    headers: {
        "Authorization": "Bearer " + access_token,
        "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data"
    },
    data: form_data
  };
  return axios(request_config);
});

这才是你真正需要的：

const form_data = new FormData();
form_data.append("file", fs.createReadStream(file.path));

const request_config = {
  headers: {
    "Authorization": "Bearer " + access_token,
    "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data"
  },
  data: form_data
};

return axios
  .post(url, form_data, request_config);

在我的例子中，fs.createReadStream（file.path）不起作用。
我不得不用缓冲液代替。

const form = new FormData();
form.append('file', fs.readFileSync(filePath), fileName);

const config = {
  headers: {
    Authorization: `Bearer ${auth.access_token}`,
    ...form.getHeaders(),
  },
};

axios.post(api, form.getBuffer(), config);

我已经做了一个拦截器，您可以连接到axios来处理node中的这种情况：axios-form-data。欢迎您提供任何反馈。

• npm i axios-form-data个
• 例如：

import axiosFormData from 'axios-form-data';
import axios from 'axios';

// connect axiosFormData interceptor to axios
axios.interceptors.request.use(axiosFormData);

// send request with a file in it, it automatically becomes form-data
const response = await axios.request({
  method: 'POST',
  url: 'http://httpbin.org/post',
  data: {
    nonfile: 'Non-file value',
    // if there is at least one streamable value, the interceptor wraps the data into FormData
    file: createReadStream('somefile'),
  },
});

// response should show "files" with file content, "form" with other values
// and multipart/form-data with random boundary as request header
console.log(response.data);

我也遇到了同样问题，我有一个“pdf-creator-service”，用于从html生成PDF文档。
我使用mustache模板引擎来创建HTML文档-https://www.npmjs.com/package/mustacheMustache.render函数将html作为字符串返回，我需要做些什么来将其传递给pdf-generator-service？因此，让我们看看下面我的建议

//...

async function getPdfDoc(props: {foo: string, bar: string}): Promise<Buffer> {
    const temlateFile = readFileSync(joinPath(process.cwd(), 'file.html'))

    mustache.render(temlateFile, props)
    const readableStream = this.getReadableStreamFromString(htmlString)

    const formData = new FormData() // from 'form-data'
    formData.append('file', options.file, { filename: options.fileName })
    const formHeaders = formData.getHeaders()

    return await axios.send<Buffer>(
      {
        method: 'POST',
        url: 'https://pdf-generator-service-url/pdf',
        data: formData,
        headers: {
          ...formHeaders,
        },
        responseType: 'arraybuffer', // ! important
      },
    )

}

getReadableStreamFromString(str: string): Readable {
    const bufferHtmlString = Buffer.from(str)
    const readableStream = new Readable() // from 'stream'

    readableStream._read = () => null // workaround error
    readableStream.push(bufferHtmlString)
    readableStream.push(null) // mark end of stream

    return readableStream
}

适用于任何希望使用axios从本地文件系统（实际上是从任何具有正确流架构的地方）上传文件，并且不希望使用任何外部包（如form-data）的用户。

只需创建一个可读流并将其直接插入axios请求函数，如下所示：

await axios.put(
  url,
  fs.createReadStream(path_to_file)
)

Axios在节点上下文中接受Stream类型的数据参数。
至少在节点v.16.13.1和axios v.0.27.2中对我来说工作得很好