我用来解决这个问题的模式包括创建一个转发参与者，如下所示：

**

 * Simple actor that takes another actor and forwards all messages to it.
 * Useful in unit testing for capturing and testing if a message was received.
 * Simply pass in an Akka JavaTestKit probe into the constructor, and all messages
 * that are sent to this actor are forwarded to the JavaTestKit probe
 * Ref: https://gist.github.com/jconwell/8153535
 */
public class ForwardingActor extends UntypedActor {
    final ActorRef target;
    public ForwardingActor(ActorRef target) {
        this.target = target;
    }
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Object msg) {
        target.forward(msg, getContext());
    }
}

然后，您可以像这样使用它来注入探测器引用：

JavaTestKit probe = new JavaTestKit(actorSystem);
actorSystem.actorOf(Props.create(ForwardingActor.class, probe.getRef()), "myActor");

如果您希望您的actor是当前actor的子项或顶级actor，这一方法可以正常工作，但如果您的actor路径引用嵌套在层次结构中的actor，则可能会有点麻烦。我将ForwardingActor与ChildCreationActor（https://gist.github.com/jconwell/8154233）结合使用来解决此问题。
我通过这个博客发现了上述技术：http://geekswithblogs.net/johnsPerfBlog/archive/2014/01/02/akka-test-patterns-for-java.aspx