希望您在集装箱之旅中过得愉快，
关于你的错误信息，你可以检查一下：qemu-x86_64: Could not open '/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2': No such file or directory
但我也有一些建议，可以帮助你：因为我没有你的dockerfile，我尝试与这一个：

FROM centos:8

RUN yum -y update && yum -y install wget
RUN wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.13.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz
RUN sudo tar -C /usr/local -xf go1.13.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz
RUN echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin" >> ~/.bash_profile
RUN source ~/.bash_profile

让我们来构建它：

❯ docker build -t so-go-version-centos8 .

问题是，对于Centos 8 Docker镜像，我无法更新或安装任何东西：（https://serverfault.com/questions/1091791/the-latest-centos8-docker-image-cannot-run-yum）

❯ docker run -it centos:8
[root@d7c652e4ac65 /]# yum install wget
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                                                                       0.0  B/s |   0  B     00:00
Errors during downloading metadata for repository 'appstream':
  - Curl error (6): Couldn't resolve host name for http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=8&arch=x86_64&repo=AppStream&infra=container [Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org]
Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: Curl error (6): Couldn't resolve host name for http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=8&arch=x86_64&repo=AppStream&infra=container [Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org]

[root@d7c652e4ac65 /]# yum install golang
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                                                                        95  B/s |  38  B     00:00
Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist

[root@d7c652e4ac65 /]# yum update
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream

所以我决定避免系统更新和wget的安装，并使用dockerfile ADD命令（ADD和COPY的区别在于，我们可以直接使用ADD从URL复制内容，而不仅仅是从我们的主机文件系统），并使用dockerfile ENV命令将go path添加到$PATH env变量中，下面是我的df的样子：

FROM centos:8

ADD https://dl.google.com/go/go1.13.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz .
RUN tar -C /usr/local -xf go1.13.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz
ENV PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin

让我们来构建它：

❯ docker build --no-cache -t so-go-version-centos8 -f dockerfile-centos8 .
[+] Building 14.2s (8/8) FINISHED
 => [internal] load build definition from dockerfile-centos8                                                                0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 218B                                                                                        0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                           0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                             0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:8                                                                 1.0s
 => CACHED https://dl.google.com/go/go1.13.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz                                                             0.0s
 => CACHED [1/3] FROM docker.io/library/centos:8@sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177    0.0s
 => [2/3] ADD https://dl.google.com/go/go1.13.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz .                                                        2.2s
 => [3/3] RUN tar -C /usr/local -xf go1.13.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz                                                             7.5s
 => exporting to image                                                                                                      3.2s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                     3.2s
 => => writing image sha256:26a8caea62889668498ca1d513b7db2c95b084a1d0020512e0c16dee365a880c                                0.0s
 => => naming to docker.io/library/so-go-version-centos8                                                                    0.0s
    /mnt/c/U/b/De/w/p/kind/manifests/stackoverflow/centos8-container-go-version ─────────────────────── 15s   02:21:46 
❯ docker run -it so-go-version-centos8
[root@78947ab8771a /]# go version
go version go1.13.4 linux/amd64
[root@78947ab8771a /]#

它工作得很好。
Centos 8 Docker图像是有限的，因为我不能安装我需要的，所以你可以用Centos：7 Docker图像代替它。
解决方案2：尝试按@帕拉建议安装golang，你也可以直接用yum安装golang，但是“yum install -y golang”不起作用。2所以我们必须手动安装它，就像我们已经做的那样。
解决方案3：您可以直接使用官方的golang docker图像，即：

❯ docker run -it golang:buster
root@ed9f31e4a45a:/go# go version
go version go1.18.1 linux/amd64
root@ed9f31e4a45a:/go#

希望这对你有帮助，bguess。