对于未来的人谁将搜索这个问题的答案。有一个（坏）的方式来添加多个交换。你必须复制rabbitmq连接与新的交换，当你想要发布消息到新的交换，你只需改变连接。
这是一个非常丑陋的方式，但我没有另一个。Laravel队列没有提供一个方法来改变交换，但有一个方法onConnection你帮你。
下面是一个简单的示例

'conn_one' => [

        'driver' => 'rabbitmq',
        'queue' => env('RABBITMQ_QUEUE', 'default'),
        'connection' => PhpAmqpLib\Connection\AMQPLazyConnection::class,

        'hosts' => [
            [
                'host' => env('RABBITMQ_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
                'port' => env('RABBITMQ_PORT', 5672),
                'user' => env('RABBITMQ_USER', 'guest'),
                'password' => env('RABBITMQ_PASSWORD', 'guest'),
                'vhost' => env('RABBITMQ_VHOST', '/'),
            ],
        ],

        'options' => [
            'ssl_options' => [
                'cafile' => env('RABBITMQ_SSL_CAFILE', null),
                'local_cert' => env('RABBITMQ_SSL_LOCALCERT', null),
                'local_key' => env('RABBITMQ_SSL_LOCALKEY', null),
                'verify_peer' => env('RABBITMQ_SSL_VERIFY_PEER', true),
                'passphrase' => env('RABBITMQ_SSL_PASSPHRASE', null),
            ],
            'queue' => [
                'job' => VladimirYuldashev\LaravelQueueRabbitMQ\Queue\Jobs\RabbitMQJob::class,
                'exchange' => 'exchange_two',
                'exchange_type' => 'fanout',
            ],
        ],

     ],

    'conn_two' => [
        'driver' => 'rabbitmq',
        'queue' => env('RABBITMQ_QUEUE', 'default'),
        'connection' => PhpAmqpLib\Connection\AMQPLazyConnection::class,

        'hosts' => [
            [
                'host' => env('RABBITMQ_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
                'port' => env('RABBITMQ_PORT', 5672),
                'user' => env('RABBITMQ_USER', 'guest'),
                'password' => env('RABBITMQ_PASSWORD', 'guest'),
                'vhost' => env('RABBITMQ_VHOST', '/'),
            ],
        ],

        'options' => [
            'ssl_options' => [
                'cafile' => env('RABBITMQ_SSL_CAFILE', null),
                'local_cert' => env('RABBITMQ_SSL_LOCALCERT', null),
                'local_key' => env('RABBITMQ_SSL_LOCALKEY', null),
                'verify_peer' => env('RABBITMQ_SSL_VERIFY_PEER', true),
                'passphrase' => env('RABBITMQ_SSL_PASSPHRASE', null),
            ],
            'queue' => [
                'job' => VladimirYuldashev\LaravelQueueRabbitMQ\Queue\Jobs\RabbitMQJob::class,
                'exchange' => 'exchange_two',
                'exchange_type' => 'fanout',
            ],
        ],
    ],

使用

ExampleJob::dispach($data)->onConnection('conn_one');
ExampleJob::dispach($data)->onConnection('conn_two');

或者另一种糟糕的方式是这样设置配置

Config::set('queue.connections.rabbitmq.options.queue.exchange', 'exchange_two');

在将作业分派到新交换机之前。这样，在将作业分派到新交换机之前，只需设置新交换机名称，就不必创建重复的连接。