我认为最简单的方法是使用Jackson @JsonFilter，如果您希望它是动态的。
例如，以下是Spring Boot的一个示例：
您的文件：

@JsonFilter("myFilter")
class Document {
   private field1;
   private field2;
}

修改默认配置的HttpMessageConverter：

@Configuration
class WebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
    @Override
    protected void extendMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {
        for(HttpMessageConverter<?> converter: converters) {
            if(converter instanceof MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter) {
                ObjectMapper mapper = ((MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter)converter).getObjectMapper();
                mapper.setFilterProvider(new SimpleFilterProvider().addFilter("myFilter", SimpleBeanPropertyFilter.serializeAll()));
            }
        }
    }
}

默认情况下，这个过滤器将序列化所有对象。这一步是强制性的，如果你不指定它，当你的控制器试图生成一个对象响应时，你会遇到一个异常，即他不知道myFilter。
然后，在您的控制器中，这里是您的常规端点，它序列化所有字段（使用前面声明的过滤器）：

@RequestMapping(value = "path/document", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public Document getDocumentWithAllFields() {
   return new Document("val1","val2");
} 
//result : {"field1":"val1","field2":"val2"}

而现在，端点对具有相同对象的对象只序列化了一些字段：

@RequestMapping(value = "path/document", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public MappingJacksonValue getDocumentWithSomeFields(@RequestParam String[] fields) {
    MappingJacksonValue wrapper = new MappingJacksonValue(new Document("val1","val2"));
    FilterProvider filterProvider = new SimpleFilterProvider().addFilter("myFilter", 
         SimpleBeanPropertyFilter.filterOutAllExcept(fields)); 
    wrapper.setFilters(filterProvider);
    return wrapper;
} 
//result : {"field1":"val1"} (with 'fields' being a coma separated list, containing here just "field1"

您考虑过@JsonView吗？
它是supported by Spring MVC，允许您根据序列化的上下文筛选字段。
首先定义视图：

public class View {     

    interface SampleView { }  
    interface SampleViewWithAge extends SampleView { }   
}

然后使用所需视图注解字段：

public class SampleImpl implements Sample { 

    @JsonView(View.SampleView.class)
    private Long id; 

    @JsonView(View.SampleView.class)
    private String name; 

    @JsonView(View.SampleViewWithAge.class)
    private int age;

    // Getters and setters
 }

最后，对处理程序进行注解，以便在序列化响应时使用视图：

@JsonView(View.SampleView.class) 
@RequestMapping(value = "/search", method = RequestMethod.GET)  
public ResponseEntity<SampleResults> search() {
    ... 
}

@JsonView(View.SampleViewWithAge.class)
@RequestMapping(value = "/search", method = RequestMethod.GET)  
public ResponseEntity<SampleResults> searchWithAge() {
    ... 
}

使用必需字段覆盖模态类中的toString方法，并在第二个控制器方法中将其显式转换为json，如下所示。

import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonGenerationException;
import org.codehaus.jackson.map.JsonMappingException;
import org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper;
//get yourObject

ObjectWriter ow = new ObjectMapper().writer().withDefaultPrettyPrinter();
String json = ow.writeValueAsString(yourObject);

公共类BeanFilterCustom {

public Object filterBean(Object object,String someBeanFilter)  {

    SimpleBeanPropertyFilter filter = SimpleBeanPropertyFilter.filterOutAllExcept("","");
    FilterProvider filters = new SimpleFilterProvider()
            .addFilter(someBeanFilter, filter);
    MappingJacksonValue mapping = new MappingJacksonValue(object);
    mapping.setFilters(filters);
    return mapping.getValue();
}

}