这实际上是文档化的. Baeldung has an article about it，您可以通过搜索“@Query JPA”找到它。
位置

@Query("SELECT e FROM Entity e WHERE e.property = ?1")
Entity getElement(Integer param);

@Query("SELECT * FROM entity WHERE property = ?1", nativeQuery = true)
Entity getElementNative(Integer param);

已命名

@Query("SELECT e FROM Entity e WHERE e.property = :param ")
Entity getElement(@Param("param") Integer param);

@Query("SELECT * FROM entity WHERE property = :param ", nativeQuery = true)
Entity getElement(@Param("param") Integer param);

There is another way that allows you to access properties的对象，如数组、Map，甚至是另一个实体或POJO。

/* positional */
@Query("SELECT e FROM Entity e WHERE e.property = ?#{[0].property} ")
Entity getElement(OtherEntity param);

@Query("SELECT * FROM entity WHERE property = ?#{[0].property} ", nativeQuery = true)
Entity getElement(OtherEntity param);

/* named */
@Query("SELECT e FROM Entity e WHERE e.property = :#{#param.property}")
Entity getElement(@Param("param") OtherEntity param);

@Query("SELECT * FROM entity WHERE property = :#{#param.property} ", nativeQuery = true)
Entity getElement(@Param("param") OtherEntity param);

/*  SpEL, works in native and JPQL queryies */

/* for arrays */
@Query("SELECT e FROM Entity e WHERE e.property = ?#{[0][0]} ")
Entity getElement(Integer[] param);

@Query("SELECT e FROM Entity e WHERE e.property = :#{#param[0]}")
Entity getElement(@Param("param") Integer[] param);

/* for maps */
@Query("SELECT e FROM Entity e WHERE e.property = ?#{[0]['property']} ")
Entity getElement(Map<String, Object> param);

@Query("SELECT e FROM Entity e WHERE e.property = :#{#param['property']}")
Entity getElement(@Param("param") Map<String, Object> param);