这就是我是如何做到的，我希望这能帮助任何像我一样的人，没有例子就会发疯：-（（由于空间原因而简化）

xAxis: [{
               ...

                title: { text: 'Quarters' },

                units: [
                    ['month', [3]],
                ],
                useHTML: true,
                labels: {

                    align: "center",
                    format: '{value: %b-%y}',   
                    formatter: function AxisLabelsFormatterCallbackFunction() {

                        var providedLocalDate = new Date(this.value);

                        var realDate = new Date(providedLocalDate.getTime() + (providedLocalDate.getTimezoneOffset() * 60 * 1000));

                        var month = realDate.getMonth();

                        var QuarterNumber;

                        if (month >= 0 && month <= 2)QuarterNumber = 1;
                        if (month >= 3 && month <= 5) QuarterNumber = 2;
                        if (month >= 6 && month <= 8) QuarterNumber = 3;
                        if (month >= 9 && month <= 11) QuarterNumber = 4;

                        var year = realDate.getFullYear().toString();
                        var year2digits = year.substring(year.length - 2, year.length);
                        return 'Q' + QuarterNumber + '-<span class="font-weight-bold">' + year2digits + '</span>';

                    },
                },

使用xAxis.labels.format（也可使用xAxis.labels.formatter）或xAxis.dateTimeLabelFormats根据提供的数据设置标签的格式：

范例：

xAxis: [{
    labels: {
      format: 'Month: {value: %m}'
    }
  }],

API引用：https://api.highcharts.com/gantt/xAxis.dateTimeLabelFormatshttps://api.highcharts.com/gantt/xAxis.labels.format
演示：https://jsfiddle.net/BlackLabel/5hopuL8f/