将视频元素的timeupdate事件与Highcharts系列的setData方法连接起来就足够了。
示例：

let currentDataIndex = 0;
const video = document.getElementById("video1");

const chart = Highcharts.chart('container', {
    series: [{
        // Highcharts mutate original data array, so use a copy
        data: data[currentDataIndex].slice()
    }]
});

const updateChartData = index => {
    chart.series[0].setData(data[index].slice());
    currentDataIndex = index;
};

video.addEventListener('timeupdate', e => {
    const second = Math.floor(video.currentTime);

    if (second !== currentDataIndex) {
        updateChartData(second);
    }
});

现场演示：http://jsfiddle.net/BlackLabel/8a6yvjs5/
**API参考：**https：api.highcharts.com/class-reference/Highcharts.Series#setData
文件：

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLMediaElement/currentTime
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLMediaElement/timeupdate_event