junit 使用Android测试框架进行Android AsyncTask测试

dhxwm5r4  于 2022-11-11  发布在  Android
关注(0)|答案(9)|浏览(179)

我有一个非常简单的AsyncTask实现示例,在使用Android JUnit框架测试它时遇到了问题。
当我在普通应用程序中示例化和执行它时,它运行得很好。但是,当从任何Android测试框架类(如***AndroidTestCase***、ActivityUnitTestCase、***ActivityInstrumentationTestCase 2***等)执行它时,它会表现得很奇怪:

  • 正确执行doInBackground()方法
  • 然而,它并不调用任何通知方法(onPostExecute()onProgressUpdate()等)--只是默默地忽略它们,而不显示任何错误。

这是一个非常简单的AsyncTask示例:

package kroz.andcookbook.threads.asynctask;

import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class AsyncTaskDemo extends AsyncTask<Integer, Integer, String> {

AsyncTaskDemoActivity _parentActivity;
int _counter;
int _maxCount;

public AsyncTaskDemo(AsyncTaskDemoActivity asyncTaskDemoActivity) {
    _parentActivity = asyncTaskDemoActivity;
}

@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
    super.onPreExecute();
    _parentActivity._progressBar.setVisibility(ProgressBar.VISIBLE);
    _parentActivity._progressBar.invalidate();
}

@Override
protected String doInBackground(Integer... params) {
    _maxCount = params[0];
    for (_counter = 0; _counter <= _maxCount; _counter++) {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            publishProgress(_counter);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // Ignore           
        }
    }
}

@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
    super.onProgressUpdate(values);
    int progress = values[0];
    String progressStr = "Counting " + progress + " out of " + _maxCount;
    _parentActivity._textView.setText(progressStr);
    _parentActivity._textView.invalidate();
}

@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
    super.onPostExecute(result);
    _parentActivity._progressBar.setVisibility(ProgressBar.INVISIBLE);
    _parentActivity._progressBar.invalidate();
}

@Override
protected void onCancelled() {
    super.onCancelled();
    _parentActivity._textView.setText("Request to cancel AsyncTask");
}

}

这是一个测试用例。这里的 AsyncTaskDemoActivity 是一个非常简单的Activity,它提供了用于在模式下测试AsyncTask的UI:

package kroz.andcookbook.test.threads.asynctask;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import kroz.andcookbook.R;
import kroz.andcookbook.threads.asynctask.AsyncTaskDemo;
import kroz.andcookbook.threads.asynctask.AsyncTaskDemoActivity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.test.ActivityUnitTestCase;
import android.widget.Button;

public class AsyncTaskDemoTest2 extends ActivityUnitTestCase<AsyncTaskDemoActivity> {
AsyncTaskDemo _atask;
private Intent _startIntent;

public AsyncTaskDemoTest2() {
    super(AsyncTaskDemoActivity.class);
}

protected void setUp() throws Exception {
    super.setUp();
    _startIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
}

protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
    super.tearDown();
}

public final void testExecute() {
    startActivity(_startIntent, null, null);
    Button btnStart = (Button) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.Button01);
    btnStart.performClick();
    assertNotNull(getActivity());
}

}

所有这些代码都运行得很好,除了AsyncTask在Android测试框架中执行时不会调用其通知方法。

8aqjt8rx

8aqjt8rx1#

我在实现一些单元测试时遇到了类似的问题。我必须测试一些与Executors一起工作的服务,并且我需要让我的服务回调与来自ApplicationTestCase类的测试方法同步。通常测试方法本身在回调被访问之前就完成了,所以通过回调发送的数据不会被测试。尝试应用@UiThreadTest bust仍然没有工作。
我发现了下面的方法,它很有效,我现在仍然使用它。我只是使用CountDownLatch信号对象来实现wait-notify(您可以使用synchronized(lock){... lock.notify();},但这会导致代码很难看)机制。

public void testSomething(){
final CountDownLatch signal = new CountDownLatch(1);
Service.doSomething(new Callback() {

  @Override
  public void onResponse(){
    // test response data
    // assertEquals(..
    // assertTrue(..
    // etc
    signal.countDown();// notify the count down latch
  }

});
signal.await();// wait for callback
}
xvw2m8pv

xvw2m8pv2#

我找到了很多相似的答案,但没有一个能正确地将所有部分组合在一起。因此,在JUnit测试用例中使用android.os.AsyncTask时,这是一个正确的实现。

/**
 * This demonstrates how to test AsyncTasks in android JUnit. Below I used 
 * an in line implementation of a asyncTask, but in real life you would want
 * to replace that with some task in your application.
 * @throws Throwable 
 */
public void testSomeAsynTask () throws Throwable {
    // create  a signal to let us know when our task is done.
    final CountDownLatch signal = new CountDownLatch(1);

    /* Just create an in line implementation of an asynctask. Note this 
     * would normally not be done, and is just here for completeness.
     * You would just use the task you want to unit test in your project. 
     */
    final AsyncTask<String, Void, String> myTask = new AsyncTask<String, Void, String>() {

        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(String... arg0) {
            //Do something meaningful.
            return "something happened!";
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
            super.onPostExecute(result);

            /* This is the key, normally you would use some type of listener
             * to notify your activity that the async call was finished.
             * 
             * In your test method you would subscribe to that and signal
             * from there instead.
             */
            signal.countDown();
        }
    };

    // Execute the async task on the UI thread! THIS IS KEY!
    runTestOnUiThread(new Runnable() {

        @Override
        public void run() {
            myTask.execute("Do something");                
        }
    });       

    /* The testing thread will wait here until the UI thread releases it
     * above with the countDown() or 30 seconds passes and it times out.
     */        
    signal.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    // The task is done, and now you can assert some things!
    assertTrue("Happiness", true);
}
nkcskrwz

nkcskrwz3#

解决这个问题的方法是在runTestOnUiThread()中运行任何调用AsyncTask的代码:

public final void testExecute() {
    startActivity(_startIntent, null, null);
    runTestOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
        public void run() {
            Button btnStart = (Button) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.Button01);
            btnStart.performClick();
        }
    });
    assertNotNull(getActivity());
    // To wait for the AsyncTask to complete, you can safely call get() from the test thread
    getActivity()._myAsyncTask.get();
    assertTrue(asyncTaskRanCorrectly());
}

默认情况下,junit在一个独立的线程中运行测试,而不是在主应用程序UI中运行。这是因为AsyncTask依赖于主线程的LooperMessageQueue来使其内部处理程序正常工作。

注:

我以前建议在测试方法上使用@UiThreadTest作为装饰器,以强制测试在主线程上运行,但这对于测试AsyncTask并不完全正确,因为当您的测试方法在主线程上运行时,主MessageQueue上不会处理任何消息-包括AsyncTask发送的有关其进度的消息,这会导致您的测试挂起。

piwo6bdm

piwo6bdm4#

如果您不介意在调用线程中执行AsyncTask(在单元测试中应该没问题),您可以在当前线程中使用Executor,如https://stackoverflow.com/a/6583868/1266123中所述

public class CurrentThreadExecutor implements Executor {
    public void execute(Runnable r) {
        r.run();
    }
}

然后在单元测试中像这样运行AsyncTask

myAsyncTask.executeOnExecutor(new CurrentThreadExecutor(), testParam);

这仅适用于HoneyComb和更高版本。

nhjlsmyf

nhjlsmyf5#

我为Android编写了足够多的unitests,只是想分享如何做到这一点。
首先,这里是助手班,负责等待和放行服务员。没什么特别的:

同步通话器

public class SyncronizeTalker {
    public void doWait(long l){
        synchronized(this){
            try {
                this.wait(l);
            } catch(InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
    }

    public void doNotify() {
        synchronized(this) {
            this.notify();
        }
    }

    public void doWait() {
        synchronized(this){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch(InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
    }
}

接下来,让我们用一个方法创建接口,当工作完成时,应该从AsyncTask调用该方法。当然,我们也想测试我们的结果:

测试责任它

public interface TestTaskItf {
    public void onDone(ArrayList<Integer> list); // dummy data
}

接下来,让我们创建一些我们要测试的Task的框架:

public class SomeTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, SomeItem> {

   private ArrayList<Integer> data = new ArrayList<Integer>(); 
   private WmTestTaskItf mInter = null;// for tests only

   public WmBuildGroupsTask(Context context, WmTestTaskItf inter) {
        super();
        this.mContext = context;
        this.mInter = inter;        
    }

        @Override
    protected SomeItem doInBackground(Void... params) { /* .... job ... */}

        @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(SomeItem item) {
           // ....

       if(this.mInter != null){ // aka test mode
        this.mInter.onDone(data); // tell to unitest that we finished
        }
    }
}

最后--我们最统一的班级:

测试生成组任务

public class TestBuildGroupTask extends AndroidTestCase  implements WmTestTaskItf{

    private SyncronizeTalker async = null;

    public void setUP() throws Exception{
        super.setUp();
    }

    public void tearDown() throws Exception{
        super.tearDown();
    }

    public void test____Run(){

         mContext = getContext();
         assertNotNull(mContext);

        async = new SyncronizeTalker();

        WmTestTaskItf me = this;
        SomeTask task = new SomeTask(mContext, me);
        task.execute();

        async.doWait(); // <--- wait till "async.doNotify()" is called
    }

    @Override
    public void onDone(ArrayList<Integer> list) {
        assertNotNull(list);        

        // run other validations here

       async.doNotify(); // release "async.doWait()" (on this step the unitest is finished)
    }
}

就这样了。
希望能对某人有所帮助。

icomxhvb

icomxhvb6#

如果您要测试doInBackground方法的结果,可以使用此方法。覆写onPostExecute方法并在该处执行测试。若要等候AsyncTask完成,请使用CountDownLatch。latch.await()会一直等候,直到倒数从1(初始化时设定)到0(由countdown()方法完成)为止。

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class EndpointsAsyncTaskTest {

    Context context;

    @Test
    public void testVerifyJoke() throws InterruptedException {
        assertTrue(true);
        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
        context = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
        EndpointsAsyncTask testTask = new EndpointsAsyncTask() {
            @Override
            protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
                assertNotNull(result);
                if (result != null){
                    assertTrue(result.length() > 0);
                    latch.countDown();
                }
            }
        };
        testTask.execute(context);
        latch.await();
    }
kq4fsx7k

kq4fsx7k7#

使用join怎么样?

fun myTest() = runBlocking {
    CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO).launch {
        // test something here
    }.join()
}
zysjyyx4

zysjyyx48#

使用此简单解决方案

runBlocking{
   //Your code here
}
ffdz8vbo

ffdz8vbo9#

大多数解决方案都需要为每个测试编写大量代码,或者需要更改类结构。如果您有许多测试情况或项目中有许多AsyncTasks,我发现这很难使用。
有一个library可以简化AsyncTask的测试过程。

@Test
  public void makeGETRequest(){
        ...
        myAsyncTaskInstance.execute(...);
        AsyncTaskTest.build(myAsyncTaskInstance).
                    run(new AsyncTest() {
                        @Override
                        public void test(Object result) {
                            Assert.assertEquals(200, (Integer)result);
                        }
                    });         
  }       
}

基本上,它运行AsyncTask并测试在调用postComplete()后返回的结果。

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