您可以使用两个线程都可以访问的外部状态来完成此操作。

private volatile boolean failed  = false;

    @Test
    public void test() throws InterruptedException {
        var latch = new CountDownLatch(1);

        Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().execute(() -> {
            failed = true;//or false depending on the use case
            latch.countDown();

        });

        latch.await();
        if(failed){
            Assert.fail("Doesn't fail the test");
        }
    }

您也可以使用shutdown + awaitTermination来确保所有任务都已完成，并使用try-catch和AtomicBoolean来Assert“内部”没有引发AssertionErrors。

AtomicBoolean failed = new AtomicBoolean(false);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(PARALLEL_POOL_SIZE);

// start tasks.. maybe in a loop to generate load..
executorService.execute(() -> {
  try {
    // Test something
    // ..
    // Validate
    assertThat(actual, equalTo(EXPECTED));
  } catch (AssertionError e) {
    failed.set(true);
    throw e;
  }
});

executorService.shutdown();
boolean terminatedInTime = executorService.awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
assertTrue(terminatedInTime);
assertFalse(failed.get());